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Tourism and Travel

About this sector

Based on its contribution to global gross domestic product, the number of people it employs, and the number of clients it serves, tourism has been described as the world’s largest industry. In 2008 these figures were 9.5% of global GDP, over 200 million jobs – one in 13 of all jobs worldwide – 924 million international travellers in 2008, and perhaps 10 times the number of domestic travellers.
The industry forms one of the top five export earners in 150 countries, and is particularly important for developing countries. For the world’s 40 poorest countries, tourism is second to oil as a source of foreign exchange.

Impacts

  • Tourism facilities and infrastructure can threaten natural and important habitats.
  • Excessive use of natural resources, such as fresh water, energy and food can threaten supplies and lead to pollution through waste.
  • Tourist behaviour can threaten species and ecosystems (introduction of invasive alien species, harvesting of wild species for souvenirs).

Opportunities/Risks

  • The rise in demand for nature-based and eco-tourism creates business opportunities that can be tied with wildlife conservation.
  • Consumer awareness of ethical and environmental issues creates markets for responsible tourism.
  • Environmental impacts can limit access to capital insurance and incur legal risks.
  • Brand and reputation are strongly influenced by a company’s environmental performance.

Case Studies


Creating business value through ecological stormwater management

Creating business value through ecological stormwater management

Being highly exposed to flooding on its Houston site, CCP has chosen to restore its surrounding ecosystem rather than building another stormwater management infrastructure. This operation, while enhancing the region’s biodiversity, will ultimately help the company save money, as well as benefit the whole local community.

Utilizating household wastewater in the large-scale

Utilizating household wastewater in the large-scale

To reduce environmental impacts and risks linked to water supply, Dow is using household wastewater on its Terneuzen industrial site, which not only allows water to be re-used three times but also saves energy and chemicals previously used for water treatment.

Planting trees in the Philippines to preserve biodiversity

Planting trees in the Philippines to preserve biodiversity

In the Philippines, Pioneer Hi-Bred is carrying out a reforestation program that aims to positively impact its environment so that the company can benefit from improved water and soil conditions. It demonstrates that corporation involvement in biodiversity conservation projects can positively impact business prospects.

Growing a staple food with less water & fewer GHG emissions in India

Growing a staple food with less water & fewer GHG emissions in India

Committed to conserving more water than it uses in India, PepsiCo has engaged in a water use reduction program in agriculture, a sector that accounts for over 85% of the country’s water consumption, and which offers significant water saving opportunities.

Integrating biodiversity conservation in the forest management model

Integrating biodiversity conservation in the forest management model

Portucel Soporcel, an important landowner in the paper and pulp sector, has developed a systematic methodology to map, define, implement and monitor action plans in zones of special conservation interest, in order to preserve ecosystems integrity. Through this strategy, the company aims to improve plantation management as well as increase biodiversity in the areas of implementation.


Tools and Mechanisms


The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity

The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity

http://www.teebweb.org/

The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity study is an international initiative to draw attention to the global economic benefits of biodiversity. Its objective is to highlight the growing cost of biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation and to draw together expertise from the fields of science, economics and policy to enable practical actions moving forward. TEEB aims to assess, communicate and mainstream the urgency of actions through its four deliverables; D0: science and economic foundations, policy costs and costs of inaction, D1: policy opportunities for national and international policy-makers, D2: decision support for local administrators, D3: business risks, opportunities and metrics and D4: citizen and consumer ownership.
Union for Ethical BioTrade (UEBT)

Union for Ethical BioTrade (UEBT)

http://www.ethicalbiotrade.org/

The Union for Ethical Biotrade is a non-profit association that promotes the “Sourcing with Respect” of ingredients that come from native biodiversity. Members commit to gradually ensuring that their sourcing practices promote the conservation of biodiversity, respect traditional knowledge and assure the equitable sharing of benefits all along the supply chain. As part of its strategic plan the UEBT targets key economic sectors such as the cosmetics, health, and beauty industry, and to a lesser extent the food industry.
Fauna & Flora International (FFI)

Fauna & Flora International (FFI)

http://www.fauna-flora.org/initiative/business-and...

Founded in 1903, FFI is the world’s longest established international conservation body and a registered charity. FFI protects threatened species and ecosystems worldwide, choosing solutions that are sustainable, based on sound science, and take account of human needs. In their business and biodiversity program, FFI works with the private sector to build long-term strategies for environmental management.
Business and Biodiversity Initiative "Biodiversity in Good Company”

Business and Biodiversity Initiative "Biodiversity in Good Company”

http://www.business-and-biodiversity.de/en/homepag...

The German Federal Ministry for the Environment created the Business and Biodiversity Initiative in 2008 as a platform for business action. More than 40 companies now link the protection of biological diversity with their economic actions. By signing the Leadership Declaration they have committed themselves voluntarily to increased involvement and concrete actions.
Confederation of European Paper Industries

Confederation of European Paper Industries

http://www.cepi.org/content/default.asp?PageID=558...

CEPI is a Brussels-based non-profit making organisation regrouping the European pulp and paper industry and championing this industry’s achievements and the benefits of its products. Through its 19 member countries (17 European Union members plus Norway and Switzerland) CEPI represents some 760 pulp, paper, and board producing companies across Europe, ranging from small and medium sized companies to multi-nationals, and 1080 paper mills. Together they represent 26% of world production.

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