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Tourism and Travel

About this sector

Based on its contribution to global gross domestic product, the number of people it employs, and the number of clients it serves, tourism has been described as the world’s largest industry. In 2008 these figures were 9.5% of global GDP, over 200 million jobs – one in 13 of all jobs worldwide – 924 million international travellers in 2008, and perhaps 10 times the number of domestic travellers.
The industry forms one of the top five export earners in 150 countries, and is particularly important for developing countries. For the world’s 40 poorest countries, tourism is second to oil as a source of foreign exchange.

Impacts

  • Tourism facilities and infrastructure can threaten natural and important habitats.
  • Excessive use of natural resources, such as fresh water, energy and food can threaten supplies and lead to pollution through waste.
  • Tourist behaviour can threaten species and ecosystems (introduction of invasive alien species, harvesting of wild species for souvenirs).

Opportunities/Risks

  • The rise in demand for nature-based and eco-tourism creates business opportunities that can be tied with wildlife conservation.
  • Consumer awareness of ethical and environmental issues creates markets for responsible tourism.
  • Environmental impacts can limit access to capital insurance and incur legal risks.
  • Brand and reputation are strongly influenced by a company’s environmental performance.

Case Studies


Creating business value through ecological stormwater management

Creating business value through ecological stormwater management

Being highly exposed to flooding on its Houston site, CCP has chosen to restore its surrounding ecosystem rather than building another stormwater management infrastructure. This operation, while enhancing the region’s biodiversity, will ultimately help the company save money, as well as benefit the whole local community.

Utilizating household wastewater in the large-scale

Utilizating household wastewater in the large-scale

To reduce environmental impacts and risks linked to water supply, Dow is using household wastewater on its Terneuzen industrial site, which not only allows water to be re-used three times but also saves energy and chemicals previously used for water treatment.

Planting trees in the Philippines to preserve biodiversity

Planting trees in the Philippines to preserve biodiversity

In the Philippines, Pioneer Hi-Bred is carrying out a reforestation program that aims to positively impact its environment so that the company can benefit from improved water and soil conditions. It demonstrates that corporation involvement in biodiversity conservation projects can positively impact business prospects.

Growing a staple food with less water & fewer GHG emissions in India

Growing a staple food with less water & fewer GHG emissions in India

Committed to conserving more water than it uses in India, PepsiCo has engaged in a water use reduction program in agriculture, a sector that accounts for over 85% of the country’s water consumption, and which offers significant water saving opportunities.

Integrating biodiversity conservation in the forest management model

Integrating biodiversity conservation in the forest management model

Portucel Soporcel, an important landowner in the paper and pulp sector, has developed a systematic methodology to map, define, implement and monitor action plans in zones of special conservation interest, in order to preserve ecosystems integrity. Through this strategy, the company aims to improve plantation management as well as increase biodiversity in the areas of implementation.


Tools and Mechanisms


Katoomba Group - United Nations University

Katoomba Group - United Nations University

http://www.katoombagroup.org

The Katoomba Group is an international network of individuals working to promote, and improve capacity related to, markets and payments for ecosystem services (PES). The Group serves as a forum for the exchange of ideas and strategic information about ecosystem service transactions and markets, as well as site for collaboration between practitioners on PES projects and programs. UNIFEM works to foster women's empowerment and gender equality throughout the world. UNIFEM has identified four strategic areas that are of critical concern for the achievement of gender equality and women's empowerment and which guide our work:

- Reducing feminized poverty
- Ending violence against women
- Reversing the spread of HIV/AIDS among women and girls
- Achieving gender equality in democratic governance in times of peace as well as war.

European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD)

http://www.ebrd.com/enviro

The EBRD is an international financial institution that supports projects in 30 countries from central Europe to central Asia. Investing primarily in private sector clients whose needs cannot be fully met by the market, the Bank promotes entrepreneurship and fosters transition towards open and democratic market economies.
The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity

The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity

http://www.teebweb.org/

The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity study is an international initiative to draw attention to the global economic benefits of biodiversity. Its objective is to highlight the growing cost of biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation and to draw together expertise from the fields of science, economics and policy to enable practical actions moving forward. TEEB aims to assess, communicate and mainstream the urgency of actions through its four deliverables; D0: science and economic foundations, policy costs and costs of inaction, D1: policy opportunities for national and international policy-makers, D2: decision support for local administrators, D3: business risks, opportunities and metrics and D4: citizen and consumer ownership.
Business and Biodiversity Initiative "Biodiversity in Good Company”

Business and Biodiversity Initiative "Biodiversity in Good Company”

http://www.business-and-biodiversity.de/en/homepag...

The German Federal Ministry for the Environment created the Business and Biodiversity Initiative in 2008 as a platform for business action. More than 40 companies now link the protection of biological diversity with their economic actions. By signing the Leadership Declaration they have committed themselves voluntarily to increased involvement and concrete actions.

Corporate Ecosystem Services Review (ESR)

http://www.wri.org/project/ecosystem-services-revi...

Developed by WRI, in conjunction with WBCSD and the Meridian Institute, this tool enables companies to identify business risks and opportunities arising from company’s dependence and impact on ecosystem services. Can be applied at site, market, product or sector level and can feed into Environmental Impact Assessments. Can also help identify new markets/ products. Following this, an initiative has been developed to determine how ecosystem services can be integrated into existing tools and management systems.

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Tourism & Travel

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