General Information

• Biodiversity Offsets: Views, experiences, and the business case
• Biodiversity Prospecting
• Community-based incentives for nature conservation
• Economic Instruments in Biodiversity-related Multilateral Environmental Agreements
• Economic Issues in Access and Benefit Sharing of Genetic Resources: A Framework for Analysis
• Ecotourism and conservation: A Review of Key Issues
• Incentive measures appropriate to enhance conservation and sustainable use of agrobiodiversity
• Individual transferable quotas as an incentive measure for the conservation and the sustainable use of marine biodiversity
• Integrating Biophysical and Economic Information to Guide Land Conservation Investments
• Marine Protected Areas: Economic and Social Implications
• Marine Reserves: Is there a Free Lunch?
• OECD 2008: Implementation of the 2004 OECD Council recommendation on the use of economic instruments in promoting the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity
• Selling Forest Environmental Services: Market-based Mechanisms for Conservation and Development.
• Silver bullet or fools’ gold? A global review of markets for forest environmental services and their impact on the poor.
• Synthesis report of information on incentive measures provided by CBD Parties in the third national reports
• The "Sale" of Biodiversity to Nature Tourists
• The Cost-Effectiveness of Conservation Payments
• The Nature of Benefits and the Benefits of Nature: Why Wildlife Conservation Has Not Economically Benefitted Communities in Africa
• The Use of Economic Instruments in Environmental Policy: Opportunities and Challenges
• Ethiopia
  Incentive measures for the conservation of agrobiodiversity

Case Studies

• Afghanistan
  Afghanistan's Natural Resources Management and Environmental Protection Project
• Angola, Botswana, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Sudan, United Republic of Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe
  Economic Aspects of Community Development in Sustainable Forest Management in Eastern and Southern Africa
• Australia
  An overview on incentive programmes in Australia
• Austria
  A new Tweed from “Forest Sheep“. Wool Quality Production and the Use of a Sheep Genetic Resource for Extensive Pasturing
• Botswana
  The Botswana Tribal Grazing Land Policy: A Property Rights Study
• Botswana, Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe
  Private Supply of Protected Land in Southern Africa: A Review of Markets, Approaches, Barriers and Issues
• Brazil
  Biodiversity conservation and cattle ranchers in the Brazilian Pantanal
• Burkina Faso, Kenya
  The Dryland Livestock Wildlife Environment Interface Project in Kenya and Burkina Faso
• Burkina Faso, Niger, Namibia, Botswana
  Capitalizing on the Bio-Economic Value of Multi-Purpose Medicinal Plants for the Rehabilitation of Drylands in Sub-Saharan Africa
• Cameroon
  Community development programme for sustainable use in Cameroon
• Canada
  The Canadian Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries
• Canada, Mexico, United States of America
  Illegal Trade in Wildlife: A North American Perspective
• Colombia
  Forestry Incentive Certificates and other Incentive Measures in Colombia
• Democratic Republic of the Congo
  Mesures d'incitation et de bonnes pratiques pour la gestion durable de la diversite biologique, Democratic Republic of Congo
• Ecuador
  Engaging local and national stakeholders in sustainable trade of natural products: the "Medicinal plants Producers Association Jambi Kiwa" in Ecuador
• Egypt
  Promotion of positive incentive measures in Egypt
• Ethiopia, Cameroon, Zambia
  Incentives for sustainable use and conservation of agrobiodiversity - experiences and lessons from Southern Africa
• European Union
  Environmental taxes: recent developments in tools for integration
• European Union, Netherlands, Spain, Czech Republic
  Incentive measures in the European Union
• European Union, United States of America
  Market Creation for Biodiversity: The Role of Organic Farming in the EU and the US
• Finland
  The Act of the financing of sustainable forestry and the development of forest certification in Finland
• Germany
  UNESCO Biosphere Reserves Schorfheide-Chorin and Rhön, Germany
• India
  Incentive based mechanisms for watershed management in India
• Indonesia
  The Biodiversity Benefits of Coral Reef Ecosystems: Values and Markets
• Iran (Islamic Republic of)
  Incentive measures in Iran (2005)
• Iran (Islamic Republic of), Russian Federation
  CITES Scoping Paper on Individual Transferable Quotas for Acipenseriformes spp. in the Caspian Sea
• Jamaica
  Alternative tourism in Jamaica
• Jamaica, Maldives, Netherlands
  Integrated Coastal Zone Management of Coral Reefs: Decision Support Modeling
• Kenya
  Financial and policy instruments for the conservation of Mount Kenya forest, Kenya
• Kenya, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Zambia
  Dryland Opportunities - A new paradigm for people, ecosystems and development
• Lebanon
  Rural Dryland Development in Lebanon through Innovative Market Approaches
• Mexico
  Economic incentives for the protection of wildlife in Mexico: the case of Ovis canadensis (big-horned sheep)
• Morocco
  A circular economy approach to agrobiodiversity conservation in the Souss Massa Drâa region of Morocco
• Namibia
  Economic without market: Policy inferences from natural-based tourism studies in Namibia
• Netherlands
  Market Creation: Organic Farming in the Netherlands
• New Zealand
  Protection of Natural Heritage on Private Land, New Zealand
• Pakistan
  Maintaining biological diversity with rural community development in Pakistan
• Peru
  Actuales Incentivos Económicos en los Diversos Sectores, Peru
• Poland
  Implementation of economic incentive measures to promote the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity in the Biebrza Valley, with special attention to the Biebrza National Park, Poland
• Saint Lucia
  Benefit Sharing Arrangements in the Mankote Mangrove, Saint Lucia
• South Africa
  The South African Natural Heritage Programme (SANHP)
• South Africa, Namibia
  Assessing Five Years of CEPF Investment in the Succulent Karoo Biodiversity Hotspot
• Spain
  Information on the use of incentive measures in Spain
• Sudan
  Incentive measures to Conserve Biodiversity in Sudan
• Thailand
  Groundwater pricing in Thailand
• Tunisia
  Building an Enabling Environment for Increasing Investment in Sustainable Land Management through Market Access and Trade
• Turkey
  Indigenous propagation project of threatened Turkish bulbs
• Uganda
  Development Through Conservation, Bwindi National Park, Uganda
• United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
  Heathland management in the United Kingdom
• United Republic of Tanzania
  Market arrangements between local communities and the private sector in the north-west Serengeti, United Republic of Tanzania
• United States of America
  Economic Impacts of Live Wild Animal Imports in the United States
• Zimbabwe
  Wildlife use rights in Zimbabwe: CAMPFIRE
• Zimbabwe, South Africa, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
  New markets and emerging opportunities: the case of natural products in South Africa