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  • The Nagoya-Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol
    • About the Supplementary Protocol
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  • About the Supplementary Protocol
  • What has been done
  • Text of the Protocol
  • Status of the Supplementary Protocol
  • Becoming a Party
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  • Relevant documents
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  • Text of the Protocol
    • Preamble
    • Article 1. Objective
    • Article 2. Use of terms
    • Article 3. Scope
    • Article 4. Causation
    • Article 5. Response measures
    • Article 6. Exemptions
    • Article 7. Time limits
    • Article 8. Financial limits
    • Article 9. Right of recourse
    • Article 10. Financial security
    • Article 11. Responsibility of States for internationally wrongful acts
    • Article 12. Implementation and relation to civil liability
    • Article 13. Assessment and review
    • Article 14. Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Protocol
    • Article 15. Secretariat
    • Article 16. Relationship with the Convention and the Protocol
    • Article 17. Signature
    • Article 18. Entry into force
    • Article 19. Reservations
    • Article 20. Withdrawal
    • Article 21. Authentic texts
    1. home
    2. Cartagena Protocol
    3. The Nagoya-Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol
    4. Text of the Protocol
    5. Article 4. Causation

    Article 4. Causation

    A causal link shall be established between the damage and the living modified organism in question in accordance with domestic law.

    Warning