Mountains are privileged spaces for analysing the synergies and interactions between biodiversity and resilience to climate change impacts, mitigation and adaptation. Mountains host 50% of the world biodiversity hotspots, with a unique diversity of plant, animal and microbial species, many of them endemic and adapted to extreme conditions. Moreover, these regions play a key role for regional and global climate regulation, as well as for the provision of key ecosystem services, including water provision and carbon sequestration. In fact, mountains are home to over 1100 million people but they provide water of at least half of the world population, being critical for both mountainous and non-mountainous countries. However, their unique biodiversity,  agrodiversity, and cultural diversity and their rural and urban populations are especially vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, which in turn compromises the resilience and adaptive capacity of both highland and lowland socio-ecosystems. Hence, the conservation and sustainable use of mountain resources is key for climate change mitigation and adaptation at a global scale. In this high-level event we propose to discuss the importance of strengthening regional mountain governance and interregional cooperation between mountain peoples, and to establish the essential elements for building a RoadMap for linking mountain biodiversity conservation and climate change adaptation across sectors, scales and stakeholders (from Cali´s COP 16 to Brasilia´s COP 30).