IBSAP 2025-2045

ndonesia is a tropical archipelago with exceptionally high biodiversity. There are 22 types of ecosystems in Indonesia, spread from land to sea, providing habitat for a variety of species. Indonesia's land area is home to 9.70 percent of the world's flowering plants, 15.00 percent of mammals, 9.00 percent of reptiles, 6.00 percent of amphibians, 17.00 percent of birds, and 9.00 percent of freshwater fish. Furthermore, Indonesia's marine area, located in the center of the Coral Triangle, is home to 16.60 percent of marine fish, 28.90 percent of marine mammals, 56.00 percent of reptiles, and 10.00 percent of the world's corals. Indonesia's genetic biodiversity is also extremely abundant, with the potential to be utilized as a source of food, medicine, energy, and materials. Indonesia's biodiversity plays a vital role in maintaining ecosystem balance, providing educational value, preserving culture, supporting economic growth, supporting local livelihoods, and providing environmental services. However, biodiversity management in Indonesia faces challenges in the form of threats of biodiversity loss caused by changes in land and sea use; unsustainable use; dependency on communities surrounding high-biodiversity areas; environmental pollution; invasive alien species; and climate change. The Indonesian government has made biodiversity the foundation for sustainable development and a game-changer in the transition to a green economy to realize Indonesia's Vision 2045, which aims to become a developed nation with a sustainable economy and the fifth-largest GDP. Recognizing these conditions, it is crucial for Indonesia to have a well-developed plan and strategy for managing biodiversity and natural resources that are mainstreamed in national development planning documents. The Indonesian government has also ratified the Convention on Biological Diversity through Law No. 5 of 1994 concerning the Ratification of the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (UNCODB), as a form of commitment to global biodiversity management. Since 1993, the Indonesian government has developed a biodiversity management action plan, which was updated to become the Indonesian Biodiversity Management Strategy and Action Plan (IBSAP) 2003-2020, and adjusted to the Aichi Targets to become IBSAP 2015-2020. As the implementation of IBSAP 2015–2020 comes to an end, IBSAP 2025–2045 was developed to ensure biodiversity management is in line with national conditions and interests. The 2025-2045 IBSAP has been aligned with the 2025-2045 National Long-Term Development Plan (RPJPN) and the 2025-2029 National Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMN), as well as the global KM-GBF framework. The IBSAP document has also been adjusted to reflect amendments to Law Number 5 of 1990 concerning the Conservation of Biological Natural Resources and Ecosystems. The 2025-2045 IBSAP document is integrated with the 2025-2045 RPJPN and the 2025-2029 RPJMN, in accordance with the mandate of Presidential Instruction of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1 of 2023 concerning Mainstreaming Biodiversity in Sustainable Development at the National and Regional Levels. To support the mainstreaming of biodiversity, the Biodiversity Management Index has been formulated as one of the main development indicators at the national and regional levels. To achieve sustainable biodiversity management, the IBSAP 2025-2045 document includes the Vision "Living in harmony with nature for the sustainability of all life forms in Indonesia." To realize this Vision, the Mission is "Managing biodiversity through protection, sustainable use, enrichment of science and technology, and strengthening of resources and governance." Furthermore, the implementation of IBSAP includes five principles of biodiversity management: 1) sovereignty; 2) equity; 3) prudence; 4) systematic and measurable; and 5) participatory. To realize this vision and mission, IBSAP 2025-2045 has three objectives, 13 strategies, 20 national targets, and 95 action groups.

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Indonesia 7th National Report to the Convention on Bioloical Diversity

Indonesia ratified the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) through Law No. 5 of 1994 and has since developed successive National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plans (IBSAP 2003–2020, 2015 2020, and 2025–2045). As part of its commitment to the global biodiversity agenda, Indonesia regularly submits National Reports to the CBD Secretariat to communicate progress, constraints, and key implementation challenges. Over the past three decades, biodiversity has become increasingly central to sustainable development, aligning with the CBD’s vision of Living in Harmony with Nature and the Kunming Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF). This vision is closely linked to Golden Indonesia 2045, the national development vision marking 100 years of independence. The seventh National Report presents Indonesia’s progress from 2018 to June 2025 in contributing to the KMGBF and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The report was prepared through an inclusive, multi-stakeholder process involving government institutions, local governments, and non-state actors, including civil society organizations, private sectors, youth, and local communities. The updated IBSAP 2025–2045 establishes 20 national biodiversity targets harmonized with the National Long-Term Development Plan (Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Panjang Nasional/ RPJPN 2025–2045), the National Medium-Term Development Plan (Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Nasional/RPJMN 2025–2029), and the KMGBF. These targets support ecosystem integrity, species conservation, and the sustainable use of biodiversity, contributing to the SDGs. all icons © Ministry of Forestry Significant progress has been recorded. Biodiversity values are fully integrated into the National Spatial Plan (100%), and approximately 60% of regional spatial plans (307 regencies/cities) incorporate biodiversity considerations through Strategic Environmental Assessments (Kajian Lingkungan xii surveillance, trade monitoring, updated prohibition lists, national databases, and restoration actions. Pollution management has also improved through Hidup Strategis/KLHS). By 2025, 49 million ha of High Conservation Value Areas outside protected areas have been identified and verified. Between 2018 and 2025, Indonesia rehabilitated 1.56 million ha of degraded forest and land (including mangroves), equivalent to 11.69% of critical land, and restored 5.99 million ha of peat ecosystems (24% of total Peat Hydrological Areas). As of 2024, total designated protected areas for terrestrial and marine ecosystems reached 52.3 million ha, including 30.97 million ha of marine protected areas, equivalent to 9.5% toward Indonesia’s 30% marine conservation target by 2045. Indonesia continues to strengthen conservation of species and genetic diversity through a structured prioritization approach, supported by Species Conservation Action Plans (SRAKs) and National Action Plans (RANs) for key terrestrial and aquatic species. National Red List assessments have been completed for priority taxa, including endemic mammals, birds, orchids, and primates, contributing to efforts to reduce extinction risk. In parallel, significant progress has been made in safeguarding genetic resources: 120 livestock breeds have been conserved and registered in FAO’s DAD-IS system, supported by 20 artificial insemination centers and one livestock embryo center functioning as genetic conservation facilities. In addition, 802 plant varieties are formally protected, comprising food crops, horticulture, and plantation crops. Indonesia reports progress across multiple KMGBF areas, including invasive alien species control, pollution management, climate resilience, sustainable use, ecosystem service valuation, Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) implementation, biosafety, science and technology, data integration, policy mainstreaming, inclusive participation, private sector engagement, and incentive reform. Under Target 6, a strengthened legal and institutional framework, supported by quarantine and sectoral regulations, enables prevention, early detection, and control through risk-based management, Indonesia continues strengthening its ABS framework. In 2024, genetic resource use generated IDR 251.8 billion in sales and IDR 5.7 billion in royalties, supported by 231 access permits, 107 Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC) agreements concluded with 95 customary and 7 local communities, and utilization of 203 agricultural genetic resources (120 livestock breeds/lines and 83 crop varieties), including Digital Sequence Information (DSI) documentation. In terms of financing, the Biodiversity Expenditure Review indicates that biodiversity funding remains dominated by domestic public expenditure (approximately 77%), with international public finance contributing 17% and private finance around 5.9%. In 2024, biodiversity-related expenditure accounted for approximately 0.68% of total ministerial spending. Despite this progress, implementation of the KMGBF and national biodiversity targets continues to face cross-cutting challenges. Capacity limitations, particularly in interdisciplinary expertise and engagement beyond the biodiversity sector, constrain coordinated action, while technological gaps in monitoring systems, data integration, and indicator development limit adaptive management. Data availability remains uneven, especially outside protected areas, and scientific support for complex environmental management is still developing. Additional pressures arise from land-use change, monoculture expansion, reduced local genetic diversity in agriculture, and underutilization of local varieties. Financial constraints remain a major barrier, as domestic resources and sustainable financing mechanisms are still insufficient to support large-scale conservation, restoration, and community-based initiatives

Book-NatRep7_v10.pdf

@kehatinesia, @kemnelh_bplh