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Decision COP XII/3

UNEP/CBD/COP/DEC/XII/3

Resource mobilization

The Conference of the Parties,
Recalling that Parties agreed to consider all possible sources and means that can help to meet the level of resources needed, in accordance with Article 20 of the Convention and consistent with decisions X/3 and XI/4,
Recalling paragraph 2 of decision X/3 and taking note of the wide variety of ongoing initiatives and activities which support Parties in mainstreaming biodiversity into national planning and developing national resource mobilization strategies,
Having reviewed the progress towards the achievement of Aichi Biodiversity Target 20 with the aim of adopting final targets for resource mobilization, as per paragraph 22 of decision XI/4,
Recalling paragraph 3 (b) of decision X/2, and paragraph 13 of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020, 
Welcoming the financial and in kind contributions of, in particular, the Governments of Brazil, Denmark, Ecuador, Germany, Japan, India, Norway, the Republic of Korea, Sweden, Switzerland, Uganda and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland as well as the European Union, to initiatives, including the Quito dialogue seminar and other events, intended to contribute to the preparation of the review of the implementation of the strategy for resource mobilization,
Recognizing that resource mobilization for implementing the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 and the Aichi Biodiversity Targets has an important role to play in the Financing For Development process, and the post-2015 United Nations Sustainable Development Agenda; 
Recalling the preliminary targets on resource mobilization agreed by the Conference of the Parties at its eleventh meeting in Hyderabad, India, in decision XI/4, paragraphs 7(a) to 7(d));
Recognizing also the critical importance of domestic resource mobilization for implementing the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020, and acknowledging that, in many developing countries, domestic resources already cover the largest share of biodiversity-related resource mobilization;  

Targets for resource mobilization

Operational Active
1.Reaffirms its commitment to an overall substantial increase in total biodiversity-related funding for the implementation of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020 from a variety of sources,  and adopts the following targets for resource mobilization, under Aichi Target 20 of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020, as follows:
(a)Double total biodiversity-related international financial resource flows to developing countries, in particular least developed countries and small island developing States, as well as countries with economies in transition, using average annual biodiversity funding for the years 2006-2010 as a baseline, by 2015, and at least maintain this level until 2020, in accordance with Article 20 of the Convention, to contribute to the achievement of the Convention’s three objectives, including through a country-driven prioritization of biodiversity within development plans in recipient countries;
(b)Endeavour for 100 per cent, but at least 75 per cent, of Parties to have included biodiversity in their national priorities or development plans by 2015, and to have therefore made appropriate domestic financial provisions;
(c)Endeavour for 100 per cent, but at least 75 per cent, of Parties provided with adequate financial resources to have reported domestic biodiversity expenditures, as well as funding needs, gaps and priorities, by 2015, in order to improve the robustness of the baseline;
(d)Endeavour for 100 per cent, but at least 75 per cent, of Parties provided with adequate financial resources to have prepared national financial plans for biodiversity by 2015, and that 30 per cent of those Parties have assessed and/or evaluated the intrinsic, ecological, genetic, socioeconomic, scientific, educational, cultural, recreational and aesthetic values of biological diversity and its components;
(e)Mobilize domestic financial resources from all sources to reduce the gap between identified needs and available resources at domestic level, for effectively implementing by 2020 Parties’ national biodiversity strategies and action plans, in accordance with Article 20;
Operational Active
2.Recalling Article 20, decides that the targets in subparagraphs (a) to (e) above are to be considered mutually supportive;
Operational Implemented
3.Further decides to review, at the thirteenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties, progress towards the above targets, and their adequacy, and to consider the need for appropriate action, based on information provided by Parties through the Financial Reporting Framework, including their respective identified resource needs, and taking into account their absorption capacities;
Operational Active Parties Other Government(s)
4.Urges Parties and other Governments, with the support of international and regional organizations, to develop their national resource mobilization strategies or finance plans consistent with identified needs and priorities, using the targets for resource mobilization above as a flexible framework;

Technical support and capacity-building

Informational
5.Welcomes initiatives such as the Bio-Bridge Initiative as an important contribution to enhancing technical support and capacity-building for mobilizing resources for implementation of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 and its Aichi Biodiversity Targets;
Informational
6.Recalls paragraph 12 of decision X/3 and, in this context, notes with appreciation the ongoing work of the Development Assistance Committee of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development to improve the Rio marker methodology;
Operational Active OTHERS
7.Recalls paragraph 2 of decision X/3 and, in this context, notes with appreciation the work of the Biodiversity Finance Initiative of the United Nations Development Programme and other initiatives to support, encourage and facilitate the identification of funding needs, gaps and priorities, the development of national resource mobilization strategies and of financial reporting, by providing technical support and guidance, and capacity-building to Parties, in particular developing country Parties, including small island developing States and countries with economies in transition, and invites the BIOFIN Initiative to continue and further upscale this work with interested Parties;
Operational Active FAO UNEP OTHERS
8.Notes with appreciation the work of relevant international organizations that support the work on resource mobilization and the programme of work on incentive measures, such as the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, the United Nations Development Programme, the United Nations Environment Programme and its initiative on the Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the World Trade Organization, as well as other international organizations and initiatives, and invites these organizations and initiatives to continue and further upscale this work, and to provide technical support and capacity-building for implementing the modalities and milestones for Aichi Biodiversity Target 3;
Operational Active OTHERS
9.Encourages Parties in a position to do so as well as national, regional and international funding institutions, to provide additional financial support to the capacity-building activities referenced in paragraphs 5 to 8 above, as well as to other capacity-building activities, based on needs expressed by Parties;

Strategy for resource mobilization

Operational Implemented
10.Recognizing the ongoing relevance of the strategy for resource mobilization in support of the achievement of the Convention’s three objectives, as adopted by decision IX/11 B, decides to extend the strategy until 2020; 
Operational Active Parties
11.Welcomes the global monitoring report on the implementation of the strategy for resource mobilization and encourages Parties to consider its findings;
Operational Active Parties
12.Welcomes the list of concrete and effective actions contained in annex IV to the present decision, as a flexible framework to complement the strategy for resource mobilization, and encourages Parties to make use of the strategy along with the list, as appropriate, for achieving Aichi Biodiversity Target 20 and associated financial targets;
Operational Active Parties
13.Welcomes the second report of the High-level Panel on the Global Assessment of Resources for Implementing the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020, and encourages Parties to consider its findings and the implementation of its recommendations;
Operational Active Parties Other Government(s)
14. Urges Parties and other Governments to further develop and use various sources of funding, as appropriate, in accordance with national circumstances and conditions, including market and non-market based instruments and biodiversity financing mechanisms; 
Operational Implemented
15.Adopts the voluntary guidelines on safeguards in biodiversity financing mechanisms, as contained in annex III to the present decision;
Operational Active Parties Other Government(s) OTHERS
16.Urges Parties, other Governments, business organizations and other stakeholders to take the voluntary guidelines on safeguards in biodiversity financing mechanisms into account when selecting, designing and implementing biodiversity financing mechanisms, and when developing instrument-specific safeguards for them, with a view to effectively harnessing their positive effects and avoiding or mitigating negative effects;
Operational Active Parties
17.Urges Parties to consider undertaking, as appropriate, a review and assessment of existing legislation and policies governing biodiversity financing mechanisms, with a view to identifying opportunities for mainstreaming biodiversity and strengthening current policies and their complementary safeguards, and to make information on this work available to the Executive Secretary, including practical experiences and lessons learned;
Operational Implemented Executive Secretary of the Convention on Biological Diversity
18.Requests the Executive Secretary to compile a synthesis of the information provided by Parties pursuant to paragraph 17 above, for consideration by the Subsidiary Body for Implementation, at its first meeting;

Modalities and milestones for Aichi Biodiversity Target 3

Informational
19.Welcomes the analysis of the obstacles encountered in implementing options identified for eliminating, phasing out or reforming incentives that are harmful for biodiversity; 
Informational
20.Takes note of the modalities described in the note by the Executive Secretary on modalities and milestones for the full operationalization of Aichi Biodiversity Target 3 and obstacles encountered in implementing options identified for eliminating, phasing out or reforming incentives that are harmful for biodiversity  as a flexible framework for the full implementation of Aichi Biodiversity Target 3, in a manner that is consistent and in harmony with the Convention and other relevant international obligations, taking into account national socioeconomic conditions;
Operational Implemented
21.Adopts the milestones, as contained in annex I to the present decision, as a flexible framework for the full implementation of Aichi Biodiversity Target 3, in a manner that is consistent and in harmony with the Convention and other relevant international obligations, taking into account national socioeconomic conditions;
Operational Active Parties
22.Invites Parties to report progress in achieving these milestones, as well as any additional milestones and timelines established at the national level, through their national reports or, as appropriate, through the online reporting framework on implementing the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 and the Aichi Biodiversity Targets;
Operational Active Parties
23.Invites Parties, in submitting to the Executive Secretary the information referred to in paragraph 28 below in their national reports, to include in particular information on practical experiences in the implementation of biodiversity-related positive incentives and lessons learned in applying options for overcoming obstacles encountered in implementing policies for addressing harmful incentives; 

Financial reporting, transparency and accessibility of information

Operational Implemented
24.Adopts the revised Financial Reporting Framework, contained in annex II to the present decision;
Operational Elapsed Executive Secretary of the Convention on Biological Diversity Parties Other Government(s)
25.Requests the Executive Secretary to make the revised financial reporting framework available online to Parties and other Governments no later than 1 June 2015, and invites Parties and other Governments to report thereon, using online reporting systems, where feasible, by 31 December 2015;
Operational Implemented Executive Secretary of the Convention on Biological Diversity
26.Also requests the Executive Secretary to integrate the financial reporting framework into the draft guidelines for the sixth national report, in a manner that maintains consistency between the formats for the fifth and sixth national reports as per paragraph 10 of decision X/10, in order to allow for long-term tracking of progress towards the achievement of all the Aichi Biodiversity Targets in an integrated and coordinated manner;
Operational Implemented Executive Secretary of the Convention on Biological Diversity
27.Requests the Executive Secretary to develop, for consideration by the Subsidiary Body on Implementation at its first meeting, options for strengthening systems of information on biodiversity-related international financial resource flows to developing countries, as well as on domestic resource flows, making use of the Financial Reporting Framework, with a view to further increasing transparency and accessibility of information to support the implementation of Article 20 of the Convention.
Operational Active Parties Other Government(s)
28.Urges Parties and other Governments to report on their contribution to the collective efforts to reach the global targets for resource mobilization, against the established baseline, in their sixth national reports as well as subsequent national reports;
Operational Implemented
29.Recognizes, in the financial reporting framework, the role of collective action, including by indigenous and local communities, and non-market-based approaches for mobilizing resources for achieving the objectives of the Convention, including approaches such as community-based natural resource management, shared governance or joint management of protected areas, or through indigenous and community conserved territories and areas, and resolves to include activities that encourage and support such approaches into reporting under the Convention;
Operational Active Parties Other Government(s) OTHERS
30.Takes note of the report “Conceptual and Methodological Framework for Evaluating the Contribution of Collective Action to Biodiversity Conservation” and its summary, and invites Parties, other Governments, and relevant stakeholder organizations to consider the following steps for its further development: 
(a) To evaluate the contribution of collective action to biodiversity conservation and resource mobilization, including by establishing pilot projects, making use of, and further developing, as appropriate, the “Conceptual and Methodological Framework for Evaluating the Contribution of Collective Action to Biodiversity Conservation” , and other experiences;
(b) To provide, within available resources, financial and technical assistance to developing country Parties and Parties with economies in transition for undertaking activities referred to in subparagraph (a) above;
(c) To provide, through the Financial Reporting Framework and other means, information on the contribution of collective action to biodiversity conservation, including on experiences and lessons learned in applying pertinent methodologies;
Operational Active Executive Secretary of the Convention on Biological Diversity
31.Requests the Executive Secretary, subject to the availability of resources, to facilitate the exchange of views and experiences on collective action of indigenous and local communities as referred to in paragraph 30 (c) above, and make this information available through the clearing house mechanism of the Convention and to the Subsidiary Body on Implementation at its first meeting for its consideration for update and provision of relevant guidelines;
32.Also requests the Executive Secretary:
Operational Active Executive Secretary of the Convention on Biological Diversity
(a)To continue and further strengthen cooperation with relevant organizations and initiatives, with a view to catalysing and supporting the provision of technical guidance and capacity-building on financial reporting, the identification of funding needs, gaps, and priorities, and the development of national resource mobilization strategies, and, in line with the programme of work on incentive measures, on the implementation of the milestones for the full operationalization of Aichi Biodiversity Target 3, including, subject to the availability of financial resources, by organizing workshops on these matters;
Operational Implemented Executive Secretary of the Convention on Biological Diversity
(b)To initiate technical work, subject to the availability of resources and in close cooperation with Parties as well as relevant international organizations, such as the United Nations Development Programme and the World Bank, by organizing a technical expert workshop on identifying, accessing, compiling and aggregating domestic and international biodiversity-related investments and impacts, with a view to (i) presenting, sharing and reviewing existing national experiences; (ii) assessing experiences and methodologies applied in other sectors with a view to identifying opportunities for methodological transfer; and (iii) identifying options for convergence towards, and possible elements of, a common methodology;
Operational Implemented Executive Secretary of the Convention on Biological Diversity
(c)To make the report of the workshop referred in paragraph 32 (b) above available as an element of voluntary guidance for Parties, with a view to facilitating financial reporting on domestic expenditures and the development of national finance plans;
Operational Active Executive Secretary of the Convention on Biological Diversity
(d)To further update and populate the clearing house mechanism of the Convention, with a view to sharing pertinent national programmes and initiatives and associated good practices and lessons learned, including the information submitted by Parties referred to in paragraph 31 above;
Operational Active Executive Secretary of the Convention on Biological Diversity
33. Further requests the Executive Secretary to include in the Global Monitoring Report on the Implementation of the Strategy for Resource Mobilization, available quantitative information on funding sources and flows as well as information on progress made in replicating and upscaling successful biodiversity financing mechanisms;
Body
Conference of the Parties (COP)

Meeting
COP-12
Twelfth meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity
6 - 17 October, 2014
Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea

AICHI targets
7
Documents
UNEP/CBD/COP/12/INF/7
Conceptual and Methodological Framework for Evaluating the Contribution of Collective Action to Biodiversity Conservation
UNEP/CBD/RM/EM/2015/1/2
Report of the International Technical Expert Workshop on Identifying, Accessing, Compiling and Aggregating Domestic and International Biodiversity-Related Investments and Impacts (Advance copy)
UNEP/CBD/SBI/1/INF/4
Resource Mobilization: Compilation of Information on Existing Policies and Legislation Governing Biodiversity Financing Mechanisms
UNEP/CBD/SBI/1/INF/45
Draft Resource Manual for the Sixth National Report
https://www.cbd.int/sp/
https://www.cbd.int/financial/hlp/doc/hlp-02-report-en.pdf
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