In discussing collective action of indigenous peoples and local communities, it seems useful to clarify the key players involved, or identify a term that can be used to easily communicate on the contribution of collective action of indigenous peoples and local communities.
(1) Resource owner or ownership. Property right is believed to have deterministic impact on preservation and utilization of resources, but good practices in nature protection have been observed in diverse forms of ownership, public, private, communal or mixed. The ownership issue is an important element, but mostly country-specific or location-specific.
(2) Resource custodian or caretaker. This term seems to be more all-encompassing. According to Rui Pinto, the word “na’in” (custodian/caretaker), used in Timor-Leste, such as the “na’in” of the reef or the “na’in” of the water, often does not mean that the person has the legally defined right to use that resource, but rather than that the person has the role of ensuring that all people in the community obtain positive benefits from the resource and in the future they will be able to continue to derive benefits from that resource.
In discussing ecosystem services, researchers refer to a term “providers of ecosystem services”, which is not well defined conceptually and faces operational challenges in practice. Is the term “custodian” a better replacement for “provider” in our discussion?
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