Financial Mechanism and Resources

T9 (Provisioning Services): How to Use GEF Funding

This page aims to provide information regarding the sustainable management and use of wild species, thereby providing social, economic and environmental benefits for people, especially those in vulnerable situations and those most dependent on biodiversity, for recipient Parties and relevant stakeholders, including how to access funding of the Global Environment Facility in this regard. It is a work in progress and will be updated as necessary.

The capacity of ecosystems to provide the essential services on which societies depend continues to decline, and consequently, most ecosystem services (nature’s contributions to people) are in decline. In general, poor and vulnerable communities, as well as women, are disproportionately affected by this decline. Mammal and bird species responsible for pollination are on average moving closer to extinction, as are species used for food and medicine. Reported actions included: Inclusion of a gender perspective in the development of biodiversity policies; Raising awareness of the importance of ecosystem services; Support for research projects, including on issues related to economic valuation; Convening of capacity-building workshops. Reported challenges were: Lack of funding for research, programmes and green infrastructure projects; Lack of knowledge or data on how the needs of women may be taken into account in ecosystem management.

Financial support of the Global Environment Facility

GEF-financed projects related to provisioning services

• Wildlife Conservation for Development
• Amazon, Congo, and Critical Forest Biomes
• BDFA: Objective One
• IWFA: Objective One

Guidance to the financial mechanism

The Conference of the Parties invited the Global Environment Facility to support implementation of the Addis Ababa Principles and Guidelines at the national level to ensure that the use of biological diversity is sustainable (Decision X/24, annex, para. 4.7; XIII/21, annex II, para. 18), and sustainable tourism that contributes to the objectives of the Convention (Decision XII/30, para. 23; X/22, para. 13(e); XIII/21, annex II, para. 19)

Guidance to Parties

Food

• Integrate biodiversity, food and nutrition considerations into national biodiversity strategies and action plans and other national plans and activities, including national plans of action for nutrition and strategies; (VIII/23A, para. 5; X/34, para. 2)
• Integrate biodiversity, food and nutrition considerations, including benefit-sharing objectives, into their national biodiversity strategies and action plans and other national plans and activities, including national plans of action for nutrition and strategies, and food security and poverty reduction strategies; (VIII/23A, para. 5, 11, and annex, para. 2.1, 2.2, 3.16; International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture; (CBD/SBI/3/6/Add.3, 16 February 2021))
• Integrate biodiversity for food and nutrition concerns into food security and poverty reduction strategies, and food security projects and programmes, including: household food security projects, school feeding programmes, home gardens; and emergency response and preparedness, and promote actions compatible with biodiversity conservation to strengthen food security and nutrition as mechanisms for poverty eradication in rural areas; (XII/5, para. 8; VIII/23A, annex, para. 2.2; International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (CBD/SBI/3/6/Add.3, 16 February 2021))
• Support all forms of food production of indigenous and local communities, in accordance with Article 8(j) and related provisions of the Convention; (VIII/23A, annex, para. 3.7)
• Develop and document knowledge on the links between biodiversity, food and nutrition, and the value of biodiversity for food and nutrition, non-conventional biodiversity-based products including processing, native plants or animals, local races, wild relatives of cultivated or domesticated species regarding important traits for agriculture, and establish standards of identification and quality of daily admissible ingestion; (VIII/23A, annex, element 1, 3.11, 3.13, 3.14)
• Identify and promote crop diversification for biodiverse food crops to be used for food and nutrition; species currently underutilized or of potential value to human food and nutrition, including those important in times of crisis, and their conservation and sustainable use; genetically diverse and species-rich home gardens, agroforestry and other production systems that contribute to the in situ conservation of genetic resources and food security; wild resources, including those that support bushmeat and fisheries, including maintaining viable stocks of wild species for sustainable consumption by local and indigenous communities; important biodiversity at all levels associated with agricultural, forestry and aquaculture systems; medicinal species relevant for food and nutrition; (VIII/23A, annex, para. 3.2-3.6, 3.8)
• Give due attention to the conservation of wild relatives of cultivated crops and wild edible plants in protected areas and in community conserved areas, in accordance with the Convention on Biological Diversity and national legislation, thereby contributing to food security; (XI/24, para. 1(f); International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (CBD/SBI/3/6/Add.3, 16 February 2021))
• Identify and promote crop diversification for biodiverse food crops to be used for food and nutrition. (VIII/23A, annex, para. 3.8)
• Support, among others, farmers in in-situ conservation of traditional and local varieties, races and breeds and efforts to conserve crop wild relatives as means to ensure food security and nutrition and support traditional lifestyles; (X/34, para. 8)
• Identify and promote species currently underutilized or of potential value to human food and nutrition, including those important in times of crisis, and their conservation and sustainable use. (VIII/23A, annex, para. 3.2)
• Promote genetically diverse and species-rich home gardens, agroforestry and other production systems that contribute to the in-situ conservation of genetic resources and food security. (VIII/23A, annex, para. 3.3)
• Promote the conservation and sustainable use of medicinal species relevant for food and nutrition. (VIII/23A, annex, para. 3.6)
• Support to the study and development of production and commercialization of non-conventional biodiversity-based products, including processing of non-conventional biodiversity-based food. (VIII/23A, annex, para. 3.13)
• Maintain genetic diversity of resources for food and agriculture and their landraces/farmers’ varieties and wild relatives as a key pathway to achieving sustainable productivity and nutritional gains, in particular in centres of genetic diversity; (XIII/3, para. 35; International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (CBD/SBI/3/6/Add.3, 16 February 2021))
• Use biodiversity to broaden the genetic base of cultivated crops to, increase food production and improve the nutritional value of food while taking into account the environmental impact of agriculture. (VIII/23A, annex, para. 3.12)
• Develop national and regional gene-pools and gene-banks for the conservation of genetic material of significance to the islands for food sources and health care enhancement and food security and/or that address threats to the high levels of island endemism, and support sustainable livelihoods, local food security and health care, especially of poor people; (VIII/1, annex, priority action 3.1.2 and 8.2.1)
• Promote the positive and minimize the negative impacts on biodiversity that would affect socio-economic conditions and food and energy security resulting from the production and use of biofuels; (IX/2, para. 3(b); X/37, para. 3, 4)
• Assess whether there is a need to develop, and how to ensure the application of, effective regulations at national level which take into account, inter alia, the specific nature of variety-specific and trait-specific genetic use restriction technologies, in order to ensure the safety of human health, the environment, food security and the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity; (V/5, para. 23, 26; VI/5, para. 19)
• Promote behavioral changes that help to achieve sustainable production and consumption patterns, reduce resource waste at all stages of production and consumption in food systems, including reducing post-harvest losses, and promote sustainable consumption, production and supply chains; (XIII/3, para. 33, 34, 90)
• Develop and document existing scientific information, indigenous and traditional knowledge on the links between biodiversity, food and nutrition, case-studies on the links between biodiversity, food and nutrition, and the value of biodiversity for food and nutrition, including indicators on biodiversity in use for food; (VIII/23A, annex, element 1)
• Support all forms of food production of indigenous and local communities, in accordance with Article 8(j) and related provisions of the Convention. (VIII/23A, annex, para. 3.7, 11)
• Maintain sustainable livelihoods and food security in reef-dependent coastal communities, including indigenous and local communities, and provide for viable alternative livelihoods, where appropriate; (XII/23, para. 14)
• Integrate benefit-sharing objectives into national and international frameworks dealing with biodiversity for food and nutrition, as appropriate, taking into account existing benefit sharing systems; (VIII/23A, annex, para. 3.16)
• Promote secure tenure rights and equitable access to land, fisheries and forests as a means of eradicating hunger and poverty, supporting sustainable development and enhancing the environment; (XII/5, annex, para. 5(b))
• Assess the benefits of pollinators and pollination, taking into account the economic value to agriculture and food production and the value to conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, as well as cultural and other values; (XIII/15, para. 7(v))
• Raise public awareness in support of sustainable farming and food production systems that maintain agricultural biodiversity, and the links between biodiversity, food and nutrition, and of activities supporting these links; (IX/1, para. 16(b); V/5, para. 10; VIII/23A, annex, para. 4.2)

Human health

• Consider integrating One Health policies, plans or projects, and other holistic approaches in national biodiversity strategies and action plans, and, as appropriate, national health plans, and other instruments including those under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the International Strategy for Disaster Risk Reduction, to jointly support the implementation of the Convention, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and other relevant global commitments, recognizing the importance of ecosystem-based approaches for the delivery of multiple benefits to health and well-being; (14/4, para. 2-3, 5, 7; XI/15, para. 4(b))
• Identify opportunities for mutually supporting implementation of national biodiversity strategies and action plans and national strategies, plans and programmes for human health; (XII/21, para. 7, 1)
• Consider relevant health-biodiversity linkages in developing and updating relevant national policies and programmes, strategies, plans, and accounts including health strategies, such as national environmental health action plans, national biodiversity strategies and action plans, and sustainable development and poverty eradication strategies; (XIII/6, para. 4(b); XII/21, para. 2)
• Integrate relevant biodiversity concerns into national public health policies, with particular emphasis on the needs of indigenous peoples and local communities; (XIII/6, para. 4(i))
• Develop integrated metrics, indicators and tools to facilitate the analysis, evaluation, monitoring and integration of biodiversity into health strategies, plans and programmes and vice-versa; (XIII/6, para. 5(a))
• Consider gender-differentiated impacts and responses in the integration of biodiversity and health linkages in their policies, plans and actions; (14/4, para. 4; XII/7, annex, para. 2)
• Facilitate dialogue and promote cooperation between sectors and agencies responsible for biodiversity and those responsible for human health, across all levels of government, and mainstream biodiversity and health linkages into existing and future policies, plans and strategies to address health-biodiversity linkages in order to support preventative approaches to health and promote the multiple dimensions of health and well-being; (14/4, para. 6; X/32, para. 2(g); XI/15, para. 2(b); 14/7, para. 6; VIII/23A, annex, para. 4.1; XI/28, para. 4(i); XII/21, para. 3; XIII/6, para. 4(a), 4(h))
• Provide, where appropriate, effective incentives to mainstream biodiversity in the health sector, consistent with international obligations, (14/4, para. 9(a))
• Identify opportunities for and promote healthy lifestyles and sustainable production and consumption patterns and associated behavioral change, that would benefit biodiversity and human health through, inter alia, the promotion of public health campaigns, and promote and strengthen best practices on sustainable consumption and production implemented in the health sectors that favor conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity; (14/4, para. 9(b); XIII/6, para. 4(f))
• Review, adjust and improve biodiversity-health linkages in the environmental assessment of relevant projects, and consider health-biodiversity linkages in environmental impact assessments, risk assessments and strategic environmental assessments, as well as in health impact assessments, social and economic valuation and the evaluation of trade-offs; (14/4, para. 9(c); XIII/6, para. 4(d))
• Carry out scientific assessments concerning organisms, components and products resulting from synthetic biology techniques with regard to potential effects on the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, taking into account risks to human health and addressing, as appropriate, and according to national and/or regional legislation, other issues such as food security and socioeconomic considerations with, where appropriate, the full participation of indigenous and local communities; (XII/24, para. 3(d))
• Assess relative health benefits and risks from wild meat and alternatives in development planning (e.g., extractive industry operations), including both nutritional content and infectious disease risks, to inform supply options; (14/7, annex, para. 45(c)(v))
• Make use of the indicative list of indicators that may be relevant to the links between biodiversity and health, including trends in benefits that humans derive from selected ecosystem services, trends in health and well-being of communities that depend directly on local ecosystem goods and services, and trends in the nutritional contribution of biodiversity and food composition; (XI/6, para. 28)
• Address, monitor and evaluate any unintended and undesirable negative impacts of biodiversity interventions on health and of health interventions on biodiversity, and strengthen national monitoring capacities and data collection, including integrated monitoring and surveillance capacities and early warning systems, that enable health systems to anticipate, prepare for and respond to public health threats resulting from ecosystem change; (XIII/6, para. 4(c), 4(e))
• Support activities to reduce risk of the emergence of zoonotic diseases by addressing habitat fragmentation and destruction and risks from the direct use of migratory species; (Convention on Migratory Species (CBD/SBI/3/6/Add.3, 16 February 2021); Convention on Wetlands (CBD/SBI/3/6/Add.3, 16 February 2021))
• Promote research into, and development and implementation of, integrated pest management strategies, in particular, methods and practices alternative to the use of agro-chemicals, that maintain biodiversity, enhance agro-ecosystem resilience, maintain soil and water quality and do not affect human health; (III/11, para. 15(k))
• Involve indigenous and local communities and other relevant stakeholders, particularly on issues related to ecosystem health, human health, traditional knowledge, and livelihoods, when addressing research needs and activities on the impacts of climate change on biodiversity; (VIII/30, para. 3)
• Consider the contribution of traditional knowledge and customary practices to human health; (XII/21, para. 8)
• Promote and support further research on health-biodiversity linkages and related socioeconomic considerations: the relationships between biodiversity, ecosystem degradation and infectious disease emergence, including the effects of ecological community structure and composition, habitat disturbance and human-wildlife contact, and the implications for land use and ecosystem management; the interlinkages between dietary diversity, health and diversity of crops, livestock and other components of biodiversity in agricultural ecosystems, as well as marine and inland water ecosystems; the linkages between the composition and diversity of the human microbiome, and biodiversity in the environment, and implications for the planning, design, development and management of human settlements; the significance for health of marine biodiversity, including for food security, and the consequences of multiple stressors on marine ecosystems (including pathogens, chemicals, climate change and habitat degradation); the contribution of biodiversity and the natural environment, including protected areas, in promoting mental and physical health, particularly in urban areas; the significance of soil biodiversity for health; linkages between migratory species and their corridors and human health; and linkages between invasive alien species and human health; (XIII/6, para. 6, 8)
• Develop interdisciplinary education, training, capacity-building and research programmes on health-biodiversity linkages, using integrative approaches, at various levels and different spatial and temporal scales, and communities of practice on biodiversity and health, and promote the understanding of health‑biodiversity linkages with a view to maximizing health benefits, addressing trade-offs, and where possible, addressing common drivers for health risks and biodiversity loss; (14/4, para. 8; XI/6, para. 27; XIII/6, para. 5(b); XIII/6, para. 2, 4(g))

Livelihoods

• Ensure that, in their efforts to integrate biodiversity into poverty eradication and development strategies, initiatives and processes, they identify and promote policies, activities, projects and mechanisms on biodiversity and development that empower indigenous and local communities, the poor, marginalized and vulnerable, who depend directly on biodiversity and ecosystem services and functions for their livelihoods, recognizing the role of collective action in the conservation of biodiversity and the sustainable use of its components; (XII/5, para. 10)
• Set local biodiversity conservation plans as the basis for programmes aimed at poverty eradication for sustainable livelihoods in order to enhance the basis for the achievement of sustainable development goals. (XII/5, annex, B(b))
• Identify and apply measures to improve the adaptive capacity of coral reef-based socio‑ecological systems within the local context, ensuring sustainable livelihoods of reef‑dependent coastal communities, including indigenous and local communities, and providing for viable alternative livelihoods, and prioritize poverty-reduction programmes for reef-dependent coastal communities, including indigenous and local communities, to promote livelihood strategies that are socially and ecologically resilient and to reduce poverty-induced overexploitation of reef ecosystems; (XII/23, para. 14(c), and annex, para. 9; V/3, para. 6(a) and annex, C)
• Increase understanding of and communicate the role, importance and costs and benefits of protected areas in sustaining local livelihoods, providing ecosystems services, reducing risks from natural disasters, adapting to and mitigating climate change, health, water and other sectors, at all levels; (X/31B, para. 29(a))
• Promote integration of the provisions of access and benefit sharing in regard to the third objective of the Convention in the governance of protected areas and support initiatives on the role of protected areas in poverty alleviation as well as for indigenous and local community livelihoods; (X/31B, para. 30(b))
• Increase understanding of and communicate the role, importance and costs and benefits of protected areas in sustaining local livelihoods, providing ecosystems services, reducing risks from natural disasters, adapting to and mitigating climate change, health, water and other sectors, at all levels; (X/31B, para. 29(a))
• Develop further conservation measures, including investments in the development and promotion of sustainable livelihoods, including alternative livelihoods; (V/23, annex I, activity 7(a))
• Support sustainable livelihoods through diversifying sources of income to reduce the negative pressures on the biological diversity of dry and sub-humid lands; (V/23, annex I, activity 9(a))
• Promote sustainable land-use and water resource management practices in relation to human livelihood needs (agriculture, pastoralism, animal husbandry, forestry, aquaculture, inland water fisheries, etc.), including local income generation, to support sustainable livelihoods, taking into account the Convention principles for sustainable use and the ecosystem approach; (V/23, annex I, activity 9(c); VII/27, annex, action 1.3.1)
• Support sustainable livelihoods through developing markets for products derived from the sustainable use of biological diversity in dry and sub-humid lands, adding value to harvested produce; (V/23, annex I, activity 9(d))
• Support sustainable livelihoods through establishing mechanisms and frameworks for promoting fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the utilization of the genetic resources of dry and sub-humid lands, including bioprospecting; (V/23, annex I, activity 9(e))
• Promote the implementation of activities aimed at the improvement of mountain livelihoods, poverty reduction and the maintenance of cultural identity, in order to achieve sustainable use of mountain biological diversity. (VII/27, annex, action 2.2.5)
• Achieve long-term conservation, management and sustainable use of marine resources and coastal habitats, and to effectively manage marine protected areas, in accordance with international law in order to safeguard marine and coastal biodiversity and marine ecosystem services, and sustainable livelihoods, and to adapt to climate change, through appropriate application of the precautionary approach and ecosystem approaches, including the use of available tools such as integrated river basin and integrated coastal zone management, marine spatial planning, and impact assessments; (X/29, para. 15)
• Promote rural community tourism as an activity that can contribute to the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity, restoration of ecosystems and diversification of livelihoods of indigenous peoples and local communities, promoting the creation of capacity and the transfer of technology; (XIII/3, para. 82(e))
• Exchange information concerning best practices on the sustainable production and use of biofuels and its contribution for the improvement of livelihoods in developing countries; (IX/2, para. 6(b))
• Develop response options to promote, and prevent the further loss of, pollination services that sustain human livelihoods; (IX/1, para. 21(e))
• Ensure that programmes and measures taken for the conservation and sustainable use of forest biodiversity support efforts to eradicate poverty and improve livelihoods; (IX/5, para. 2(h))
• Further investigate the use of agricultural biodiversity to develop sustainable agricultural systems that contribute to improved livelihoods, enhance biodiversity and make use of its benefits, as well as conserving the most vulnerable and potentially useful species, and identify management practices, technologies and policies that promote the positive and mitigate the negative impacts of agriculture on biodiversity, and enhance productivity and the capacity to sustain livelihoods, by expanding knowledge, understanding and awareness of the multiple goods and services provided by the different levels and functions of agricultural biodiversity; (IX/1, para. 12(c); V/5, annex, programme element 2; VI/5, annex II, para. 2.2)
• Assess the current and potential contribution of biodiversity to island peoples in terms of sustaining livelihoods, economic activity and cultural value, and develop policies, programmes and actions to ensure the capacity of island ecosystems to deliver goods and services and biological resources that support sustainable livelihoods, local food security and health care, especially of poor people; (VIII/1, annex, priority action 4.1.1.5, 8.2.1)
• Develop certification schemes to certify wild meat products as sustainably harvested, as well as meeting good sanitary standards, highlighting benefits such as sustainability, local community livelihoods, conservation impact and health, and further integrate sustainable wild meat management considerations into forest certification schemes and criteria and indicator processes for sustainable forest management to mitigate the impacts of human activities on wildlife by including provisions for alternative, sustainable food sources and livelihoods, where needed, and for capacity-building and management systems that support legal and sustainable hunting, and effectively regulating the hunting of protected species; (14/7, annex, para. 38(d), 28(c)(iv))
• Apply an integrated approach that addresses poaching and illegal wildlife trade hand-in-hand with the equally important issues of food security, livelihoods and the sustainable use of wildlife, and support integrated local, national, and transboundary action to build partnerships among relevant organizations, institutions and other relevant stakeholders to: build enforcement and monitoring capacities; develop and implement alternatives for nutrition and livelihoods; and increase awareness, research exchanges and education regarding hunting of and trade in wild meat; (14/7, annex, para. 45(a)(ii), 45(a)(iii))
• Carry out an evaluation of wild meat suppliers, including the use of wild meat for protein and income, the characteristics of hunters and hunting households, the use of alternative sources of protein and income, and the impacts of hunting on local livelihoods, and assess, minimize and mitigate the impacts of illegal hunting on the subsistence hunting and livelihoods of indigenous and local communities, and on other subsistence users of wildlife resources; (XII/18, para. 10; 14/7, annex, para. 45(c)(ii))
• Assess the role of wildlife consumption in livelihoods and consider it in national resource assessments and major policy planning documents, such as national development and poverty reduction strategies; (14/7, annex, para. 45(b)(iii))
• Undertake further research on the impacts of sustainable use and non-sustainable use on livelihoods, and ecosystems goods and services, and identify regions, ecosystems and components of biodiversity that are or will become vulnerable to climate change at a geographic scale and assess the current and future risks and impacts on biodiversity and biodiversity-based livelihoods; (VII/12, para. 6(a); 14/5, para. 4(a), 4(e), 4(f); X/33, para. 8(b); IX/5, para. 1(j))
• Encourage indigenous and local communities and relevant stakeholders to use resources sustainably, consistent with Articles 8(j) and 10(c); and, where required, to diversify their economic and livelihood base; (VIII/22, para. 4(b))
• Encourage indigenous and local communities and relevant stakeholders to use resources sustainably, consistent with Articles 8(j) and 10(c); and, where required, to diversify their economic and livelihood base, and support indigenous and local communities in developing sustainable resource-based livelihoods and economic activities, including appropriate research and capacity-building; (VIII/1, annex, priority action 4.1.1.3; VIII/30, para. 3; X/33, para. 8(i); XII/5, annex, para. 5(d))
• Consider the potential socio-economic impacts of genetically modified trees as well as their potential impact on the livelihoods of indigenous and local communities; (IX/5, para. 1(t))

Sectoral Consideration

• Promote dialogue among ministries and agencies responsible for the sectors of health (including domestic animal and wildlife health), environment, pollution (such as marine plastic debris), pesticides, antimicrobial resistance, agriculture, nutrition and food security, food safety, planning (including urban planning), climate change adaptation and mitigation and disaster risk reduction, to foster integrated approaches, with a view to enhancing implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; (14/4, para. 6)
• Promote the formulation of policies, work plans and concrete actions among ministries, agencies and other bodies responsible for biodiversity and the sectors of energy and mining, infrastructure, manufacturing and processing, to facilitate the mainstreaming of biological diversity in these sectors, and include such policies, work plans and concrete actions in their national biodiversity strategies and action plans; utilize ecosystem-based approaches; (14/3, para. 13(r), 13(l); VIII/17, para. 10; XIII/3, para. 2, 14-15)
• Implement sectoral and cross‐sectoral strategies and integrated landscape and seascape management that foster sustainable practices, identify potential measures to contribute to the health and resilience of ecosystems and consider spatial and regional approaches as well as appropriate measures to promote the conservation and restoration of areas of particular importance for biodiversity and ecosystem services and functions, habitats of threatened species, and recovery of endangered species; (XIII/3, para. 17(a)-(b), 18(e))
• Review and update legal frameworks, policies and practices to promote the mainstreaming of biological diversity in the energy and mining, infrastructure and manufacturing and processing sectors, including through safeguard, monitoring and oversight measures; (14/3, para. 13(e))
• Promote the positive and minimize or avoid the negative impacts of biofuel production and use on biodiversity, and on indigenous and local communities, in national plans, such as national biodiversity strategies and action plans and national development plans; (IX/2, para. 3(a)-(b), 5, 8; X/37, para. 3, 5-9, 16; XI/27, para. 2(a)-(b), 5; XIII/3, para. 5, 7, 81, 82)
• Reduce the adverse impacts on wild migratory animals from energy installations and linear infrastructure, including roads, railways, fences, and pipelines, and integrate migratory wildlife considerations into any spatial planning including in strategic and environmental impact assessments; (Convention on Migratory Species (CBD/SBI/3/6/Add.3, 16 February 2021))

Tourism

• Promote rural community tourism as an activity that can contribute to the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity, restoration of ecosystems and diversification of livelihoods of indigenous peoples and local communities, promoting the creation of capacity and the transfer of technology; (XIII/3, para. 82(e))
• Implement a flexible mix of instruments to promote sustainable ecotourism development, such as integrated planning, multi-stakeholder dialogue that includes indigenous peoples, zoning in land-use planning, environmental impact assessment, strategic environmental assessment, standards, industry performance-recognition programmes, recognized accreditation bodies, ecolabelling, codes of good practice, environmental management and audit systems, economic instruments, indicators and limits regarding the carrying capacity of the natural areas; (XIII/3, para. 82(a)-(b), 82(g); V/25, para. 7(b), 4)
• Support sustainable tourism activities that contributes to the objectives of the Convention and that are beneficial to the conservation of wild animals, identify areas where there is both significant levels of biodiversity and significant pressure or potential pressure from tourism, and develop and support projects in these “tourism and conservation hotspots”, including at regional level, with the objective of demonstrating how to reduce negative impacts and increase positive impacts from tourism; (XII/11, para. 1(b); XII/30, para. 23; X/22, para. 13(e); XIII/21, annex II, para. 19; Convention on Migratory Species (CBD/SBI/3/6/Add.3, 16 February 2021))

Financial support of the Global Environment Facility

Wildlife Conservation for Development

Amazon, Congo, and Critical Forest Biomes

BDFA: Objective One

IWFA: Objective One

Health

• 1997 Conservation and Sustainable Use of Medicinal Plants Sri Lanka The World Bank $4,570,000
• 1999 Conservation and Sustainable Use of Medicinal Plants Ethiopia The World Bank $1,802,000
• 2001 Biodiversity Conservation and Integration of Traditional Knowledge on Medicinal Plants in National Primary Health Care Policy in Central America and Caribbean Dominican Republic, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Regional United Nations Environment Programme $725,000
• 2001 Passive Solar Heating for Rural Health Clinics China The World Bank $725,000
• 2001 Conservation and Sustainable Use of Traditional Medicinal Plants Zimbabwe United Nations Development Programme $974,000
• 2001 Conservation and Sustainable Use of Medicinal Plants in Arid and Semi-arid Ecosystems Egypt United Nations Development Programme $4,117,000
• 2003 Conservation of Medicinal and Herbal Plants Jordan The World Bank $5,000,000
• 2006 Integrated National Adaptation Plan: High Mountain Ecosystems, Colombia's Caribbean Insular Areas and Human Health (INAP) Colombia The World Bank $5,400,000
• GEF - 3 RIF - Medicinal Plants Projects - Plantes Aromatiques et Medicinales (PAM) Morocco United Nations Development Programme $950,000
• 2008 Mainstreaming Conservation and Sustainable Use of Medicinal Plant Diversity in Three Indian States India United Nations Development Programme $4,935,000
• 2008 Mainstreaming Biodiversity Management into Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Production Processes Lebanon United Nations Development Programme $980,000
• 2009 Piloting Climate Change Adaptation to Protect Human Health Barbados, Bhutan, China, Fiji, Jordan, Kenya, Uzbekistan, Global United Nations Development Programme $4,500,000
• 2009 DSSA Malaria Decision Analysis Support Tool (MDAST): Evaluating Health Social and Environmental Impacts and Policy Tradeoffs Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Regional United Nations Environment Programme $999,000
• 2010 Integrating Climate Change into the Management of Priority Health Risks Ghana United Nations Development Programme $1,718,182
• 2010 Mainstreaming Biodiversity into Value Chains for Mediterranean Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Morocco United Nations Development Programme $950,000
• 2011 Improve the Health and Environment of Artisanal and Small Scale Gold Mining (ASGM) Communities by Reducing Mercury Emissions and Promoting Sound Chemical Management Burkina Faso, Mali, Senegal, Regional United Nations Industrial Development Organization $990,000
• 2012 Improve the Health and Environment of Artisanal Gold Mining Communities in the Philippines by Reducing Mercury Emissions Philippines United Nations Industrial Development Organization $550,000
• 2013 Reduce Exposure of Mercury to Human Health and the Environment by Promoting Sound Chemical Management in Mongolia Mongolia United Nations Industrial Development Organization $600,000
• 2014 REDUCING ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH IMPACTS OF HARMFUL POLLUTANTS IN AFRICA REGION Africa, Regional The World Bank $2,000,000
• 2014 Reducing UPOPs and Mercury Releases from the Health Sector in Africa Ghana, Madagascar, Tanzania, Regional United Nations Development Programme $6,453,195
• 2014 Reducing Environmental and Health Risks to Vulnerable Communities from Lead Contamination from Lead Paint and Recycling of Used Lead Acid Batteries Indonesia, Philippines, Regional United Nations Development Programme $838,000
• 2017 Integrated Health and Environment Observatories and Legal and Institutional Strengthening for the Sound Management of Chemicals in Africa (African ChemObs) Ethiopia, Gabon, Kenya, Madagascar, Mali, Senegal, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Regional United Nations Environment Programme $10,500,000
• 2018 Building Resilience of Health Systems in Asian LDCs to Climate Change Bangladesh, Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, Nepal, Timor Leste, Regional United Nations Development Programme $9,000,000
• 2020 Building Resilience of Health Systems in Pacific Island LDCs to Climate Change Kiribati, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Regional United Nations Development Programme $17,850,000
• 2021 Demonstration of production phase-out of mercury-containing medical thermometers and sphygmomanometers and promoting the application of mercury-free alternatives in medical facilities in China China United Nations Development Programme $16,000,000
• 2022 Phasing out mercury measuring devices in healthcare Albania, Burkina Faso, India, Montenegro, Uganda, Global United Nations Environment Programme $7,980,000

Food

• 2008 Conservation and Sustainable Use of Cultivated and Wild Tropical Fruit Diversity: Promoting Sustainable Livelihoods, Food Security and Ecosystem Services India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Regional United Nations Environment Programme $3,661,674
• 2008 SIP: Community Driven SLM for Environmental and Food Security Niger The World Bank $4,670,000
• 2012 A Global Initiative on Landscapes for People, Food and Nature Global United Nations Environment Programme $1,000,000
• 2014 Promoting Energy Efficient Cook Stoves in Micro and Small-scale Food Processing Industries Chad United Nations Industrial Development Organization $665,000
• 2014 Strengthening the Adaptive Capacity and Resilience of Rural Communities Using Micro Watershed Approaches to Climate Change and Variability to Attain Sustainable Food Security Cambodia Food and Agriculture Organization $5,174,364
• 2015 Supply Change Securing Food Sustaining Forests Global United Nations Environment Programme $1,900,000
• 2015 Reducing Vulnerability of Banana Producing Communities to Climate Change Through Banana Value Added Activities - Enhancing Food Security And Employment Generation Uganda United Nations Industrial Development Organization $2,820,000
• 2015 Enhancing National Food Security in the Context of Global Climate Change Kiribati United Nations Development Programme $4,446,210
• 2016 Food-IAP: Sustainable Land and Water Management Project, Second Additional Financing Ghana The World Bank $12,768,832
• 2016 Food-IAP: Establishment of the Upper Tana Nairobi Water Fund (UTNWF) Kenya International Fund for Agricultural Development $7,201,835
• 2016 Niger: Food-IAP: Family Farming Development Programme (ProDAF) Niger International Fund for Agricultural Development $7,636,422
• 2016 Mainstreaming Climate Risk Considerations in Food Security and IWRM in Tsilima Plains and Upper Catchment Area Eritrea United Nations Development Programme $9,050,000
• 2017 Food-IAP: Support for Sustainable Food Production and Enhancement of Food Security and Climate Resilience in Burundi's Highlands Burundi Food and Agriculture Organization $7,396,330
• 2017 Food-IAP: Integrated Landscape Management to Enhance Food Security and Ecosystem Resilience in Nigeria Nigeria United Nations Development Programme $7,139,450
• 2017 Food-IAP: Fostering Sustainability and Resilience for Food Security in Karamoja Sub Region Uganda United Nations Development Programme, Food and Agriculture Organization $7,139,450
• 2017 Food-IAP: Reversing Land Degradation Trends and Increasing Food Security in Degraded Ecosystems of Semi-arid Areas of Central Tanzania Tanzania International Fund for Agricultural Development $7,155,963
• 2017 Food-IAP: Integrated Landscape Management to Enhance Food Security and Ecosystem Resilience Ethiopia United Nations Development Programme $10,239,450
• 2017 Building Resilience For Food Security and Nutrition in Chad’s Rural Communities Chad African Development Bank $5,329,452
• 2019 Global Partnership for Improving the Food Cold Chain in the Philippines Philippines United Nations Industrial Development Organization $2,000,000
• 2019 Mediterranean Coastal Zones: Managing the Water-Food-Energy and Ecosystems NEXUS Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Egypt, Lebanon, Libya, Montenegro, Morocco, Tunisia, Regional United Nations Environment Programme $3,500,000
• 2020 FOLUR Global Knowledge to Action Platform to Support Transformational Shifts In Food and Land Use Systems Global The World Bank $29,128,440
• 2021 The Food Securities Fund: A fund to finance sustainable supply chains at scale in Emerging Markets Global Conservation International $13,461,468
• 2021 Promotion of sustainable food systems and improved ecosystems services in Northern Kazakhstan Landscape Kazakhstan United Nations Development Programme $10,467,000
• 2021 Resilience for Peace & Stability, Food and Water Security Innovation Grant Program Global United Nations Development Programme $1,000,228
• 2022 Integrated management of degraded landscapes for sustainable food systems and livelihoods in Guinea Forest Region and Upper Guinea Guinea Food and Agriculture Organization $9,498,165
• 2022 Transforming Food Systems and Reducing Deforestation in the Protected Areas and Biological Corridors landscapes from the Southern Caribbean Coast and San Juan River autonomous region Nicaragua Food and Agriculture Organization $5,354,587
• 2022 Promoting Integrated Landscape Management and Sustainable Food Systems in the Niger Delta Region in Nigeria Nigeria Food and Agriculture Organization $5,354,590
• 2022 Promotion of Sustainable Food Systems in India through Transforming Rice-Wheat Systems in Punjab, Haryana, Odisha and Chhattisgarh India Food and Agriculture Organization $20,366,973
• 2022 Land Degradation Neutrality for biodiversity conservation, food security and resilient livelihoods in the Peanut Basin and Eastern Senegal (Dékil Souf) Senegal Food and Agriculture Organization $5,786,073
• 2022 Building climate-resilient livelihoods and food systems Lesotho Food and Agriculture Organization $8,932,420
• 2022 Integrated Landscape Management for Addressing Land Degradation, Food Security and Climate Resilience Challenges in The Bahamas Bahamas United Nations Environment Programme $5,717,580
• 2023 Sustainable food systems and integrated land/seascape management in the Marshall Islands Marshall Islands Food and Agriculture Organization $2,100,913
• 2023 Enhancing water-food security and climate resilience in volcanic island countries of the Pacific Fiji, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Regional Food and Agriculture Organization $6,000,000

Livelihoods

• 1997 Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Livelihood Options in the Grasslands of Eastern Mongolia Mongolia United Nations Development Programme $5,164,000
• 1999 Palawan New and Renewable Energy and Livelihood Support Project Philippines United Nations Development Programme $750,000
• 2004 OECS Protected Areas and Associated Sustainable Livelihoods Antigua And Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, St. Kitts And Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and Grenadines, Regional The World Bank $3,700,000
• 2004 Sustainable Management of Inland Wetlands in Southern Africa: A Livelihoods and Ecosystem Approach Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Regional United Nations Environment Programme $974,825
• 2005 Community Micro Hydro for Sustainable Livelihood Bhutan United Nations Development Programme $520,000
• 2009 Biodiversity Conservation and Rural Livelihoods Improvement India The World Bank $8,140,000
• 2009 SLEM/CPP: Sustainable Land Water and Biodiversity Conservation and Management for Improved Livelihoods in Uttarakhand Watershed Sector Global, India The World Bank $7,490,000
• 2009 SLEM/CPP: Sustainable Rural Livelihood Security through Innovations in Land and Ecosystem Management Global, India The World Bank $7,340,000
• 2009 SLEM/CPP: Sustainable Land Management in Shifting Cultivation Areas of Nagaland for Ecological and Livelihood Security India United Nations Development Programme $3,600,000
• 2011 Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation Programme for Climate Change in the Coastal Zone of Cambodia Considering Livelihood Improvement and Ecosystems Cambodia United Nations Environment Programme $1,635,000
• 2012 MENA: Badia Ecosystem and Livelihoods Project (BELP) Jordan The World Bank $3,330,555
• 2012 MENA: Desert Ecosystems and Livelihoods Knowledge Sharing and Coordination Project Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, Tunisia, Regional The World Bank $1,000,000
• 2013 Improving Sustainability of PA System in Desert Ecosystems through Promotion of Biodiversity-compatible Livelihoods in and around PAs Kazakhstan United Nations Development Programme $4,364,000
• 2013 Effective and Responsive Island-level Governance to Secure and Diversify Climate Resilient Marine-based Coastal Livelihoods and Enhance Climate Hazard Response Capacity Tuvalu United Nations Development Programme $4,200,000
• 2013 Strengthening Resilience of Farming Communities' Livelihoods against Climate Changes in the Guinean Prefectures of Gaoual, Koundara and Mali Guinea United Nations Development Programme $3,716,364
• 2013 Mainstreaming SLM in Rangeland Areas of Ngamiland District Productive Landscapes for Improved livelihoods Botswana United Nations Development Programme $3,081,800
• 2013 Environmental Land Management and Rural Livelihoods Tajikistan The World Bank $5,400,000
• 2014 Oases Ecosystems and Livelihoods Project Tunisia The World Bank $5,760,730
• 2014 Strengthening the Resilience of Rural Livelihood Options for Afghan Communities in Panjshir, Balkh, Uruzgan and Herat Provinces to Manage Climate Change-induced Disaster Risks Afghanistan United Nations Development Programme $9,000,000
• 2014 Enhancing Capacities of Rural Communities to Pursue Climate Resilient Livelihood Options in the Sao Tome and Principe Districts of Caué, Me-Zochi, Principe, Lemba, Cantagalo, and Lobata (CMPLCL) Sao Tome and Principe United Nations Development Programme $4,000,000
• 2014 Adapting Natural Resource Dependent Livelihoods to Climate induced Risks in Selected Landscaqpes in Burkina Faso: the Boucle du Mouhoun Forest Corridor and the Mare d'Oursi Wetlands Basin Burkina Faso United Nations Development Programme $7,000,000
• 2014 Scaling up Adaptation in Zimbabwe, with a Focus on Rural Livelihoods, by Strengthening Integrated Planning Systems Zimbabwe United Nations Development Programme $3,980,000
• 2014 India: Sustainable Livelihoods and Adaptation to Climate Change (SLACC) India The World Bank $8,000,000
• 2014 Adapting Coastal Zone Management to Climate Change in Madagascar Considering Ecosystem and Livelihoods Madagascar United Nations Environment Programme $5,337,500
• 2014 Renewable Energy for Rural Livelihood (RERL) Nepal United Nations Development Programme $3,000,000
• 2014 Securing Tenure Rights for Forest Landscape Dependent Communities: Linking Science with Policy to Advance Tenure Security, Sustainable Forest Management and People's Livelihoods Global Food and Agriculture Organization $2,000,000
• 2014 Using SLM to Improve the Integrity of the Makgadikgadi Ecosystem and to Secure the Livelihoods of Rangeland Dependent Communities Botswana United Nations Development Programme $792,832
• 2015 Gambia Protected Areas Network and Community Livelihood Project Gambia United Nations Development Programme $1,324,310
• 2015 R2R Implementing an Integrated Ridge to Reef Approach to Enhance Ecosystem Services, to Conserve Globally Important Biodiversity and to Sustain Local Livelihoods in the FSM Micronesia United Nations Development Programme $4,689,815
• 2015 Implementing a "Ridge to Reef" Approach to Preserve Ecosystem Services, Sequester Carbon, Improve Climate Resilience and Sustain Livelihoods in Fiji (Fiji R2R) Regional, Fiji United Nations Development Programme $7,387,614
• 2015 Reducing the Vulnerability of Cambodian Rural Livelihoods through Enhanced sub-national Climate Change Planning and Execution of Priority Actions Cambodia United Nations Development Programme $4,567,500
• 2015 Integrated Landscape Management for Improved Livelihoods and Ecosystem Resilience in Mount Elgon Uganda United Nations Development Programme $1,620,320
• 2015 R2R: Testing the Integration of Water, Land, Forest & Coastal Management to Preserve Ecosystem Services, Store Carbon, Improve Climate Resilience and Sustain Livelihoods in Pacific Island Countries Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Nauru, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Regional United Nations Development Programme $10,317,454
• 2016 Improve Sustainability of Mangrove Forests and Coastal Mangrove Areas in Liberia through Protection, Planning and Livelihood Creation- as a Building Block Towards Liberia's Marine and Costal Protected Areas Liberia Conservation International $963,994
• 2016 Payment for Ecosystem Services to Support Forest Conservation and Sustainable Livelihoods Mozambique Food and Agriculture Organization $3,637,748
• 2016 R2R: Advancing Sustainable Resources Management to Improve Livelihoods and Protect Biodiversity in Palau Palau United Nations Environment Programme $3,747,706
• 2016 Rural Livelihoods' Adaptation to Climate Change in the Horn of Africa - Phase II (RLACC II) Somalia African Development Bank $9,985,185
• 2016 RLACC - Rural Livelihoods' Adaptation to Climate Change in the Horn of Africa (PROGRAM) Kenya African Development Bank $2,577,778
• 2016 RLACC - Rural Livelihoods' Adaptation to Climate Change in the Horn of Africa (PROGRAM) Djibouti African Development Bank $5,077,778
• 2016 Building Climate Resilience through Rehabilitated Watersheds, Forests and Adaptive Livelihoods Comoros United Nations Environment Programme $5,140,000
• 2016 Increasing the Capacity of Vulnerable Rwandan Communities to Adapt to Adverse Effects of Climate Change: Livelihood Diversification and Investment in Rural Infrastructures Rwanda African Development Bank $8,824,749
• 2017 Rural Livelihoods' Adaptation to Climate Change in the Horn of Africa - Phase II (RLACC II) Sudan African Development Bank $7,082,407
• 2017 Strengthening the Resilience of Rural Livelihoods and Sub-national Government System to Climate Risks and Variability in Benin Benin United Nations Development Programme $4,450,000
• 2017 Development of an Improved and Innovative Management System for Sustainable Climate-resilient Livelihoods in Mauritania Mauritania United Nations Environment Programme $5,000,000
• GEF - 5 Enhancing the Resilience of Pastoral Ecosystems and Livelihoods of Nomadic Herders Mongolia, Russian Federation, Regional United Nations Environment Programme $4,695,454
• GEF - 5 Rural Livelihoods's Adaptation to Climate Change in the Horn of Africa -Phase II (RLACC II) Somalia, Sudan, Regional African Development Bank $7,082,407
• 2016 Conservation of Globally Important Biodiversity and Associated Land and Forest Resources of Western Tian Shan Forest Mountain Ecosystems to Support Sustainable Livelihoods Kyrgyz Republic United Nations Development Programme $3,988,575
• 2016 Conservation and Sustainable Use of Pamir Alay and Tian Shan Ecosystems for Snow Leopard Protection and Sustainable Community Livelihoods Tajikistan United Nations Development Programme $4,181,370
• 2018 GEF-AF-Mekong Delta Integrated Climate Resilience and Sustainable Livelihoods Project Viet Nam The World Bank $6,090,831
• 2019 Namibia Integrated Landscape Approach for Enhancing Livelihoods and Environmental Governance to Eradicate Poverty (NILALEG) Namibia United Nations Development Programme $10,823,744
• 2019 Building Resilience of Cambodian Communities Using Natural Infrastructure and Promoting Diversified Livelihood Cambodia United Nations Environment Programme $522,947
• 2019 Sustainable Land Management for Improved Livelihoods in Degraded Areas of Iraq Iraq Food and Agriculture Organization $3,549,321
• 2020 Developing Climate Resilient Livelihoods in the Vulnerable Watershed in Nepal Nepal United Nations Development Programme $7,000,000
• 2020 Reducing global environmental risks through the monitoring and development of alternative livelihood for the primary mercury mining sector in Mexico Mexico United Nations Environment Programme $7,035,000
• 2021 A cross-sector approach supporting the mainstreaming of sustainable forest and land management to enhance ecosystem resilience for improved livelihoods in the Save and Runde Catchments of Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Food and Agriculture Organization $10,433,945
• 2021 Lao PDR Landscapes and Livelihoods Project Lao PDR The World Bank $7,366,976
• 2021 Conservation and sustainable management of lakes, wetlands, and riparian corridors as pillars of a resilient and land degradation neutral Aral basin landscape supporting sustainable livelihoods Uzbekistan United Nations Development Programme $3,552,968
• 2021 Ecosystem conservation and community livelihood enhancement in North Western Zambia Zambia United Nations Environment Programme $5,338,585
• 2021 Sustainable Natural Resource and Livelihood Adaptive Programme (SNRLAP) Sudan International Fund for Agricultural Development $2,000,000
• 2021 Building climate resilient livelihoods in vulnerable landscapes in Bangladesh (BCRL) Bangladesh Food and Agriculture Organization $8,932,420
• 2021 Promoting Climate-Resilient Livelihoods in Rice-Based Communities in the Tonle Sap Region Cambodia Food and Agriculture Organization $8,932,420
• 2021 Climate change adaptation and livelihoods in three arid regions of Mauritania Mauritania United Nations Environment Programme $4,416,210
• 2021 Integrated sustainable and adaptive management of natural resources to support land degradation neutrality and livelihoods in the Miombo-Mopane landscapes of North-east Botswana Botswana Food and Agriculture Organization $5,354,587
• 2022 Green and Inclusive Recovery in Mexico (GreenMex): Making high-value ecosystems and rural livelihoods more resilient and sustainable in a post COVID-19 scenario. Mexico Food and Agriculture Organization $10,103,670
• 2022 Enabling sustainable production landscapes in Eastern Highlands and Western Highlands Provinces for Biodiversity, Human Livelihoods and Well-being Papua New Guinea Food and Agriculture Organization $6,463,097
• 2022 Building Community Based Integrated and Climate Resilient Natural Resources Management and Enhancing Sustainable Livelihood in the South-Eastern Escarpments and Adjacent Coastal Areas of Eritrea Eritrea Food and Agriculture Organization $15,680,308
• 2022 Resilient and sustainable livelihoods for rural Yemen Yemen Food and Agriculture Organization $16,057,798
• 2022 Regeneration of Livelihoods and Landscapes (ROLL) Project Lesotho International Fund for Agricultural Development $3,502,968
• 2022 Combating land degradation through integrated and sustainable range and livestock management to promote resilient livelihoods in Northern Punjab Pakistan Food and Agriculture Organization $2,183,105
• 2022 Managing Peatlands in Mongolia and Enhancing the Resilience of Pastoral Ecosystems and Livelihoods of Nomadic Herders Mongolia, Global United Nations Environment Programme $3,757,991
• GEF - 7 Strengthening Community-managed Protected Areas for Conserving Biodiversity and Improving Local Livelihoods in Pakistan Pakistan United Nations Development Programme $2,338,356
• GEF - 7 Ecosystem based adaptation for improved livelihood in Tuvalu Tuvalu United Nations Environment Programme $4,416,210
• GEF - 7 RICE-Adapt: Promoting Climate-Resilient Livelihoods in Rice-Farming Communities in the lower Ayeyarwady and Sittaung River Basins Myanmar Food and Agriculture Organization $8,932,420
• GEF - 7 Scaling up local adaptation and climate-risk informed planning for resilient livelihoods Mozambique United Nations Development Programme $8,932,420
• GEF - 7 Livelihoods Carbon Fund 3 (LCF3) Global Conservation International $13,461,468

Tourism

• 2005 Mainstreaming Biodiversity Conservation into Tourism through the Development and Dissemination of Best Practices Belize, Ecuador, Regional United Nations Environment Programme $972,272
• 2005 Transfrontier Conservation Areas and Sustainable Tourism Development Project Mozambique The World Bank $10,000,000
• 2005 Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biodiversity through Sound Tourism Development in Biosphere Reserves in Central and Eastern Europe Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Regional United Nations Environment Programme $941,900
• 2007 Demonstrating and Capturing Best Practices and Technologies for the Reduction of Land-sourced Impacts Resulting from Coastal Tourism Cameroon, Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal, Seychelles, Tanzania, Regional United Nations Environment Programme $5,388,200
• 2008 Open Africa North South Tourism Corridor (OANSTC) Namibia, Zambia, Regional The World Bank $540,000
• 2011 Mainstreaming biodiversity conservation through low-impact ecotourism in the SINAP Panama Inter-American Development Bank $4,000,000
• 2012 Promoting Ecotourism to Strengthen the Financial Sustainability of the Guatemalan Protected Areas System (SIGAP) Guatemala United Nations Development Programme $1,295,455
• 2012 MENARID: Ecotourism and Conservation of Desert Biodiversity Tunisia The World Bank $4,272,300
• 2011 Increasing Climate Change Resilience of Maldives through Adaptation in the Tourism Sector Maldives United Nations Development Programme $1,650,438
• 2013 Mainstreaming Biodiversity Conservation in Tourism Sector Development in Jordan Jordan United Nations Development Programme $2,700,000
• 2013 Enhancing the Resilience of Tourism-reliant Communities to Climate Change Risks Samoa United Nations Development Programme $1,950,000
• 2014 Towards Carbon Neutral Tourism Montenegro United Nations Development Programme $3,090,000
• 2015 Mainstreaming Biodiversity Conservation into the Tourism Sector in Synergy with a Further Strengthened Protected Areas System in Cape Verde Cabo Verde United Nations Development Programme $3,664,640
• 2015 Conserving Biodiversity in Coastal Areas Threatened by Rapid Tourism and Physical Infrastructure Development Dominican Republic United Nations Development Programme $2,838,792
• 2015 Mainstreaming the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biodiversity into Tourism Development and Operations in Threatened Ecosystems in Egypt Egypt United Nations Development Programme $2,574,338
• 2017 Mainstreaming Biodiversity Conservation through Low-Impact Ecotourism in SINAP II (ECOTUR-AP II) Panama Inter-American Development Bank $753,427
• 2020 Mainstreaming Biodiversity Conservation Criteria in Mexico’s Tourism Sector with Emphasis on Biodiversity-rich Coastal Ecosystems Mexico United Nations Development Programme $7,238,613
• 2020 Additional Financing for the Cambodia Sustainable Landscape and Ecotourism Project Cambodia The World Bank $4,422,020
• 2021 Mainstreaming Biodiversity Conservation into the Tourism Sector in Bhutan Bhutan United Nations Development Programme $4,854,128
• 2021 Integrated Community - Based Conservation of Peatlands Ecosystems and Promotion of Ecotourism in Lac Télé Landscape of Republic of Congo – ICOBACPE /PELATEL Congo United Nations Environment Programme $6,111,055
• 2022 Mainstreaming biodiversity-based tourism in Thailand to support sustainable tourism development Thailand United Nations Development Programme $2,639,726
• 2022 Leveraging Eco-Tourism for Biodiversity Protection (LETBP) Dominica The World Bank $3,515,982
• 2022 Mainstreaming biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation in sustainable tourism development in Cuba Cuba United Nations Development Programme $3,598,630
• 2022 Biodiversity conservation, sustainable land management and sustainable tourism development in North Macedonia North Macedonia United Nations Environment Programme $3,713,422
• 2022 Electric mobility for sustainable tourism in Albania Albania United Nations Industrial Development Organization $763,242
• 2023 Mainstreaming Biodiversity in Coastal Development and Planning for Sustainable Tourism Development Albania United Nations Development Programme $986,900

Potential implementation/project partners

Related references