| Landscape Restoration Impact Program |
Restoration of land and reduction of deforestation is vital for protection of biodiversity, as reflected in the NBSAPs of more than 100 countries.
Decision XIII/5: Ecosystem restoration: short-term action plan
Paragraph 24 of decision XIII/21 invited the Global Environment Facility to provide support for ecosystem restoration activities, as well as monitoring processes as appropriate, and integrated where relevant into programmes and initiatives for sustainable development, food, water and energy security, job creation, climate change mitigation, adaptation, disaster risk reduction, and poverty eradication.
Article 8(f) of the Convention on Biological Diversity: rehabilitate and restore degraded ecosystems and promote the recovery of threatened species, inter alia, through the development and implementation of plans or other management strategies.
Aichi Biodiversity Target 14: By 2020, ecosystems that provide essential services, including services related to water, and contribute to health, livelihoods and well-being, are restored and safeguarded, taking into account the needs of women, indigenous and local communities, and the poor and vulnerable
Aichi Biodiversity Target 15: By 2020, ecosystem resilience and the contribution of biodiversity to carbon stocks has been enhanced, through conservation and restoration, including restoration of at least 15 per cent of degraded ecosystems, thereby contributing to climate change mitigation and adaptation and to combating desertification.
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| Transforming Energy Systems Impact Program |
Transformation of energy systems to protect biodiversity is present in 57 NBSAPs, and resilience is identified in 48 countries as a priority for climate change adaptation.
Article 7(c) of the Convention: identify processes and categories of activities which have or are likely to have significant adverse impacts on the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity, and monitor their effects through sampling and other techniques.
Article 10(b) of the Convention: adopt measures relating to the use of biological resources to avoid or minimize adverse impacts on biological diversity.
Article 14, paragraph 1 of the Convention: introduce appropriate procedures requiring environmental impact assessment of its proposed projects that are likely to have significant adverse effects on biological diversity with a view to avoiding or minimizing such effects and appropriate arrangements to ensure that the environmental consequences of its programmes and policies that are likely to have significant adverse impacts on biological diversity are duly taken into account.
Aichi Biodiversity Target 4: By 2020, at the latest, Governments, business and stakeholders at all levels have taken steps to achieve or have implemented plans for sustainable production and consumption and have kept the impacts of use of natural resources well within safe ecological limits. In decision XIII/3, the Conference of the Parties promoted the integrated, efficient and sustainable management of energy, water and soil resources, and decided to consider, at its fourteenth meeting, the mainstreaming of biodiversity into energy, among other sectors.
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| Food Systems Impact Program |
More than 50% of countries identified agriculture in their NBSAPs as a key sector for protection of biodiversity.
Decision XIII/3: paragraphs 19-41 (agriculture)
Aichi Biodiversity Target 7: by 2020, areas under agriculture, aquaculture and forestry are managed sustainably, ensuring conservation of biodiversity.
Aichi Biodiversity Target 8: by 2020, pollution, including from excess nutrients, has been brought to levels that are not detrimental to ecosystem function and biodiversity.
Decision IX/1: the programme of work on agricultural biodiversity, including its three international initiatives on the conservation and sustainable use of pollinators, sustainable use of soil biodiversity and biodiversity for food and nutrition continues to provide a relevant framework for achieving the objectives of the Convention.
Decision XIII/23: sustainable agricultural production.
Expected outcome 5 for GEF7: Biodiversity supporting key agricultural ecosystems, such as through pollination, biological pest control, or genetic diversity, is conserved and managed, contributing to sustainable agricultural production.
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| Sustainable Cities Impact Program |
Almost all of the twenty Aichi Biodiversity Targets are as applicable to cities as they are to national governments.
Decision IX/28: involving cities in biodiversity strategies and action plans.
Decision X/22: Plan of Action on Subnational Governments, Cities and Other Local Authorities for Biodiversity (2011-2020).
Decision XII/9: strategic and sustainable urbanization.
Cities and Biodiversity Outlook, Action and Policy, 2012.
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| Environmental Security Impact Program |
About 1.2 billion people live in river basins where human water use has surpassed sustainable limits and up to two thirds of the world’s population is likely facing water stress. Globally, agriculture accounts for about 70 % of freshwater withdrawals, while the proportion may be 80 to 90 % in some of the key GEF client countries, many of them LDCs. Energy withdrawals account for roughly 15 % of all water withdrawals, or roughly 75% of all industrial water withdrawals – with water needed for cooling, storage, hydropower, oil and gas extraction.
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| Healthy Oceans for Sustainable Fisheries Impact Program |
CBD highlights the importance of healthy oceans and coastal ecosystems to sustain and support biodiversity at large. More specifically, the CBD program of work on marine and coastal biodiversity focuses on integrated marine and coastal area management, marine and coastal living resources, marine and coastal protected areas. The 2009 Agreement on Port State Measures to Prevent, Deter and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing (PSMA) entered into force on 5 June 2016. Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries entails an up-scaled responsibility for analysis, monitoring and reporting for FAO and the State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture, & Small Scale Fisheries Volunteer Guidelines.
Aichi Biodiversity Target 6: By 2020 all fish and invertebrate stocks and aquatic plants are managed and harvested sustainably, legally and applying ecosystem based approaches, so that overfishing is avoided, recovery plans and measures are in place for all depleted species, fisheries have no significant adverse impacts on threatened species and vulnerable ecosystems and the impacts of fisheries on stocks, species and ecosystems are within safe ecological limits.
Aichi Biodiversity Target 7: By 2020 areas under agriculture, aquaculture and forestry are managed sustainably, ensuring conservation of biodiversity.
Aichi Biodiversity Target 10: By 2015, the multiple anthropogenic pressures on coral reefs, and other vulnerable ecosystems impacted by climate change or ocean acidification are minimized, so as to maintain their integrity and functioning.
Aichi Biodiversity Target 11: By 2020, at least 17 per cent of terrestrial and inland water, and 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas, especially areas of particular importance for biodiversity and ecosystem services, are conserved through effectively and equitably managed, ecologically representative and well connected systems of protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures, and integrated into the wider landscapes and seascapes.
Decision XIII/9: marine spatial planning
Decision XIII/10: voluntary practical guidance on preventing and mitigating the impacts of marine debris
Decision XIII/11: voluntary specific workplan for biodiversity in cold-water areas.
Decision XIII/12: new set of areas described as ecologically or biologically significant marine areas (EBSAs)
Decision XIII/3: sustainable fisheries and aquaculture
Decision XII/23: Priority Actions to achieve Target 10 for coral reefs and closely related ecosystems
Expected Outcome 7 for GEF7: Anthropogenic pressures on vulnerable coastal and marine ecosystems, including coral reefs, mangroves and seagrass beds, and associated ecosystems, including pollution, overfishing and destructive fishing, and unregulated coastal development, are reduced, thus contributing to ecosystem integrity and resilience.
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| Natural Capital Impact Program |
Aichi Biodiversity Target 1: By 2020, at the latest, people are aware of the values of biodiversity and the steps they can take to conserve and use it sustainably.
Aichi Biodiversity Target 2: By 2020, at the latest, biodiversity values have been integrated into national and local development and poverty reduction strategies and planning processes and are being incorporated into national accounting, as appropriate, and reporting systems.
Aichi Biodiversity Target 3: By 2020, at the latest, incentives, including subsidies, harmful to biodiversity are eliminated, phased out or reformed in order to minimize or avoid negative impacts, and positive incentives for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity are developed and applied, consistent and in harmony with the Convention and other relevant international obligations, taking into account national socio economic conditions.
Expected Outcome 1 for GEF7: Financial, fiscal, and development policies, as well as planning and decision making take into account biodiversity and ecosystem values
Expected Outcome 2 for GEF7: Identified significant incentives, including subsidies, harmful for biodiversity are eliminated, phased out, or reformed, consistent and in harmony with the Convention and other international obligations and taking into account national socioeconomic conditions.
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| Green Finance Impact Program |
Aichi Biodiversity Target 20: By 2020, at the latest, the mobilization of financial resources for effectively implementing the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 from all sources, and in accordance with the consolidated and agreed process in the Strategy for Resource Mobilization, should increase substantially from the current levels. This target will be subject to changes contingent to resource needs assessments to be developed and reported by Parties.
Decision XIII/21: the Conference of the Parties invited the Global Environment Facility to support development and implementation of country-specific resource mobilization strategies.
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| Green Infrastructure Impact Program |
Aichi Biodiversity Target 14: By 2020, ecosystems that provide essential services, including services related to water, and contribute to health, livelihoods and well-being, are restored and safeguarded, taking into account the needs of women, indigenous and local communities, and the poor and vulnerable
Aichi Biodiversity Target 15: By 2020, ecosystem resilience and the contribution of biodiversity to carbon stocks has been enhanced, through conservation and restoration, including restoration of at least 15 per cent of degraded ecosystems, thereby contributing to climate change mitigation and adaptation and to combating desertification.
Decision XIII/3: the Conference of the Parties decided to consider, at its fourteenth meeting, the mainstreaming of biodiversity into infrastructure, among other sectors.
Expected Outcome 4 for GEF7: loss, fragmentation, and degradation of significant natural habitats, and associated extinction debt, is reduced, halted or reversed, and conservation status of known threatened species is improved and sustained, including through monitoring, spatial planning, incentives, restoration, and strategic establishment of protected areas and other measures.
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| Agricultural Commodities Supply Chains Impact Program |
At least 10% of 49 countries that have completed NBSAPs have targeted agricultural commodities as a priority.
Aichi Biodiversity Target 7: By 2020 areas under agriculture, aquaculture and forestry are managed sustainably, ensuring conservation of biodiversity.
Aichi Biodiversity Target 8: By 2020, pollution, including from excess nutrients, has been brought to levels that are not detrimental to ecosystem function and biodiversity.
Expected Outcome 3: economic sectors affecting significant biodiversity adopt sustainable supply chains and/or clean production processes, thus minimizing their impacts on biodiversity.
Expected Outcome 5: Biodiversity supporting key agricultural ecosystems, such as through pollination, biological pest control, or genetic diversity, is conserved and managed, contributing to sustainable agricultural production.
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| Amazon Sustainable Landscapes Impact Program |
The Amazon Biome is defined as the area covered predominantly by dense moist tropical forest, with less extensive areas of savannas, floodplain forests, grasslands, swamps, bamboos and palm forests. The Biome encompasses 6.70 million km2 and is shared by eight countries (Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana and Suriname), as well as the overseas territory of French Guiana (WWF, 2009). The Amazon includes 610 protected areas, as well as 2,344 indigenous territories that cover 45% of the basin. More than 40 percent of the rainforest remaining on Earth is found in the Amazon and it is home to at least 10 percent of the world’s known species, including endemic and endangered flora and fauna. The Amazon River is the largest river basin in the world and accounts for 15-16% of the world’s total river discharge into the oceans. The Amazon River flows for more than 6,600 km and with its hundreds of tributaries and streams contains the largest number of freshwater fish species in the world. The Amazon forest and river ecosystem is one of largest natural areas that still has the potential to remain sustainably conserved and managed.
The Amazon contains 90-140 billion metric tons of carbon, the release of even a portion of which could accelerate global warming significantly. Land conversion and deforestation in the Amazon release up to 0.5 billion metric tons of carbon per year, not including emissions from forest fires, thus rendering the Amazon an important factor in regulating global climate.
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| Wildlife for Sustainable Development Impact Program |
Aichi Biodiversity Target 12: by 2020 the extinction of known threatened species has been prevented and their conservation status, particularly of those most in decline, has been improved and sustained.
Expected Outcome 10: Illegal, unregulated and unsustainable taking, and/or trafficking of species of flora and fauna, including marine species, is significantly reduced and both demand and supply of related products is addressed, with priority action on threatened species.
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| Inclusive Conservation: Engaging Indigenous Peoples Impact Program |
Aichi Biodiversity Target 18: by 2020, the traditional knowledge, innovations and practices of indigenous and local communities relevant for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, and their customary use of biological resources, are respected, subject to national legislation and relevant international obligations, and fully integrated and reflected in the implementation of the Convention with the full and effective participation of indigenous and local communities, at all relevant levels.
Decision XIII/21: the Conference of the Parties invited the financial mechanism to support inclusion of perspectives of indigenous peoples and local communities, particularly women, in the financing of biodiversity and ecosystem services, and implementation of programmes and projects that strengthen the involvement of indigenous peoples and local communities, advance community conservation, promote customary sustainable use of biological diversity.
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| Circular Economy Impact Program |
Aichi Biodiversity Target 4: by 2020, at the latest, Governments, business and stakeholders at all levels have taken steps to achieve or have implemented plans for sustainable production and consumption and have kept the impacts of use of natural resources well within safe ecological limits.
Expected Outcome 3 for GEF7: economic sectors affecting significant biodiversity adopt sustainable supply chains and/or clean production processes, thus minimizing their impacts on biodiversity.
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| Integrated National Planning for MEAs/SDGs Impact Program |
Article 6 of the Convention on Biological Diversity provides for national biodiversity planning and its integration with relevant sectoral or cross-sectoral plans, programmes and policies.
Decision XIII/3: cross-sectoral mainstreaming
Decision XIII/21: the Conference of the Parties reiterated its call to the financial mechanism to support review, revision, updating, and implementation of national biodiversity strategies and action plans, and further development of approaches on the integration of biodiversity into poverty eradication and development processes.
Expected Outcome 15 for GEF7: Parties meet their reporting obligations under the Convention and the Protocols, through submission of relevant national reports and of relevant information through the clearing-houses
Expected Outcome 16 for GEF7: national policy and institutional frameworks are reviewed, their implementation and effectiveness assessed, and gaps identified and addressed by the frameworks.
Expected Outcome 17 for GEF7: the review and, as appropriate, revision and update, of national biodiversity strategies and action plans in the light of a successor framework to the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020, is implemented, incorporating an enhanced focus on achieving policy coherence.
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| Biodiversity Focal Area: Securing Agriculture’s Future: Sustainable Use of Plant and Animal Genetic Resources |
Aichi Biodiversity Target 7: By 2020 areas under agriculture, aquaculture and forestry are managed sustainably, ensuring conservation of biodiversity.
Aichi Biodiversity Target 13: By 2020, the genetic diversity of cultivated plants and farmed and domesticated animals and of wild relatives, including other socio-economically as well as culturally valuable species, is maintained, and strategies have been developed and implemented for minimizing genetic erosion and safeguarding their genetic diversity.
Expected outcome 5 for GEF7: Biodiversity supporting key agricultural ecosystems, such as through pollination, biological pest control, or genetic diversity, is conserved and managed, contributing to sustainable agricultural production.
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| Biodiversity Focal Area: Prevention, Control and Management of Invasive Alien Species |
Aichi Biodiversity Target 9: By 2020, invasive alien species and pathways are identified and prioritized, priority species are controlled or eradicated, and measures are in place to manage pathways to prevent their introduction and establishment.
Expected Outcome 6 for GEF7: Management frameworks for invasive alien species are improved
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| Biodiversity Focal Area: Improving Financial Sustainability, Effective Management, and Ecosystem Coverage of the Global Protected Area Estate |
Aichi Biodiversity Target 5: By 2020, the rate of loss of all natural habitats, including forests, is at least halved and where feasible brought close to zero, and degradation and fragmentation is significantly reduced.
Aichi Biodiversity Target 11: By 2020, at least 17 per cent of terrestrial and inland water, and 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas, especially areas of particular importance for biodiversity and ecosystem services, are conserved through effectively and equitably managed, ecologically representative and well connected systems of protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures, and integrated into the wider landscapes and seascapes.
Expected Outcome 8 for GEF7: The area of protected areas under effective and equitable management is significantly increased, including development of sustainable financing.
Expected Outcome 9 for GEF7: The ecological representativeness of protected area systems, and their coverage of protected areas, and other effective area-based conservation measures, of particular importance for biodiversity is increased, especially habitats for threatened species.
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| Biodiversity Focal Area: Preventing the Extinction of Known Threatened Species |
Aichi Biodiversity Target 12: By 2020 the extinction of known threatened species has been prevented and their conservation status, particularly of those most in decline, has been improved and sustained.
Expected Outcome 10 for GEF7: Illegal, unregulated and unsustainable taking, and/or trafficking of species of flora and fauna, including marine species, is significantly reduced and both demand and supply of related products is addressed, with priority action on threatened species.
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| Biodiversity Focal Area: Implementing the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety |
Decision XIII/21: the Conference of the Parties requests support to: (a) Ratification and implementation of the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety and the Nagoya–Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol on Liability and Redress; (b) Development and implementation of national biosafety frameworks, in particular biosafety legislation; (c) Identification of living modified organisms or specific traits that may have adverse effects on the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity, taking also into account risks to human health; (d) Building, consolidating and enhancing sustainable human resource capacity in risk assessment and risk management; (e) Capacity-building on socioeconomic considerations; (f) Capacity-building to take appropriate measures in cases of unintentional release of living modified organisms; (g) Enhancing capacity for public awareness, education and participation regarding the safe transfer, handling and use of living modified organisms, including for indigenous peoples and local communities; (h) Public participation and information sharing, and use of the Biosafety Clearing-House; (i) National reports under the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety.
Expected Outcome 11 for GEF7: The number of ratifications of the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety and the Nagoya–Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol on Liability and Redress is increased.
Expected Outcome 12 for GEF7: National implementation of the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety and the Nagoya–Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol on Liability and Redress is enhanced.
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| Biodiversity Focal Area: Implementing the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit Sharing |
Decision XIII/21: the Conference of the Parties requests support to: (a) Projects that support the ratification and implementation of the Nagoya Protocol on access to genetic resources and benefit sharing; (b) Building the capacity to develop, implement and enforce domestic legislative, administrative or policy measures on access and benefit-sharing, thereby contributing to the conservation of biological diversity and sustainable use of its components, including through: (i) Identification of relevant actors and existing legal and institutional expertise for the implementation of the Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable of Benefits Arising from their Utilization; (ii) Taking stock of domestic measures relevant to access and benefit-sharing in light of the obligations of the Nagoya Protocol; (iii) Development and/or amendment of access and benefit-sharing legislative, administrative or policy measures with a view to implementing their obligations under the Nagoya Protocol; (iv) Establishment of ways to address transboundary issues; (v) Establishment of institutional arrangements and administrative systems to provide access to genetic resources, ensure benefit-sharing, support compliance with prior informed consent and mutually agreed terms and monitor the utilization of genetic resources and traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources, including support for the establishment of check points; (c) Building the capacity to negotiate mutually agreed terms to promote equity and fairness in negotiations in the development and implementation of access and benefit-sharing agreements, including through enhanced understanding of business models and intellectual property rights; (d) Building the capacity of Parties to develop their endogenous research capabilities to add value to their own genetic resources and traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources through, inter alia, technology transfer; bioprospecting and associated research and taxonomic studies; and the development and use of valuation methods; (e) Addressing the capacity needs and priorities of indigenous peoples and local communities and relevant stakeholders; in particular projects that would: (i) Encourage their participation in legal, policy and decision-making processes; (ii) Assist in building their capacity related to genetic resources and traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources, such as through the development of community protocols, model contractual clauses and minimum requirements for mutually agreed terms to secure the fair and equitable sharing of benefits; (f) Enabling Parties to actively participate in the Access and Benefit-sharing Clearing-House and use the best available communication tools and Internet-based systems for access and benefit-sharing; (g) Raising-awareness of the importance of genetic resources and traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources, and related access and benefit sharing issues, notably through the development and implementation of national and regional awareness-raising strategies; (h) Making financial resources available to assist Parties in preparing their national report; (i) Supporting the implementation of the strategic framework for capacity-building and development in support of the implementation of the Protocol.
Expected Outcome 13 for GEF7: The number of ratifications of the Nagoya Protocol is increased.
Expected Outcome 14 for GEF7: Number of countries that have adopted legislative, administrative or policy measures on access and benefit-sharing to implement the Protocol is increased, including, inter alia and as appropriate, measures for mutual implementation with other relevant international agreements, coordination in transboundary genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge, and/or procedures to issue internationally recognized certificates of compliance.
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| Biodiversity Focal Area: Enabling Activities: Revision of the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan and National Reporting |
Expected Outcome 15 for GEF7: Parties meet their reporting obligations under the Convention and the Protocols, through submission of relevant national reports and of relevant information through the clearing-houses.
Expected Outcome 16 for GEF7: National policy and institutional frameworks are reviewed, their implementation and effectiveness assessed, and gaps identified and addressed by the frameworks.
Expected Outcome 17 for GEF7: The review and, as appropriate, revision and update, of national biodiversity strategies and action plans in the light of a successor framework to the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020, is implemented, incorporating an enhanced focus on achieving policy coherence.
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| Climate Change Focal Area: Capacity-building Initiative for Transparency |
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| Climate Change Focal Area: NDC preparation and enhancement |
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| Climate Change Focal Area: Enabling Activities |
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| Land Degradation Focal Area: Diversified agro-ecological food production systems |
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| Land Degradation Focal Area: Integrated Landscape Management |
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| Land Degradation Focal Area: Systems Resilience |
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| Land Degradation Focal Area: Enabling Activities |
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| Land Degradation Focal Area: Targeted Research |
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| International Waters Focal Area: Cooperation on shared freshwater surface and groundwater basins |
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| International Waters Focal Area: Bridging the science to policy gap: enhance availability of sound data and information for science based policies and decisions |
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| International Waters Focal Area: Increase water, food, energy and environmental security in transboundary basins |
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| Chemicals and Waste Focal Area: Industrial Chemicals Program |
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| Chemicals and Waste Focal Area: Agriculture Chemicals Program |
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| Chemicals and Waste Focal Area: Least Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States Program |
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| Chemicals and Waste Focal Area: Enabling Activities |
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| GEF-7 Small Grants Programme: Sustainable Agriculture and Food Security |
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| GEF-7 Small Grants Programme: Low-Carbon Energy Access Benefits |
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| GEF-7 Small Grants Programme: Local to Global Coalitions in Chemicals and Waste Management |
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| GEF-7 Small Grants Programme: Catalyzing Sustainable Urban Development |
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