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| 1. Project Details |
| Author or Responsible Organization |
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R. D. Smith and E. Maltby. (2003). Using the Ecosystem Approach to Implement the Convention on Biological Diversity: Key Issues and Case Studies. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. x +118 pp. |
| Project Title |
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Integral use and management of Tumbes Mangroves, Peru |
| Date of Publication |
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| Project Status |
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Completed |
| Project Start Date |
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| Project End Date |
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| Countries |
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Peru |
| Regions |
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| Funding Source |
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| 2. Background to Project |
| Project Issue/Problem Statement |
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The Tumbes Mangroves National Sanctuary in northern Peru had a number of environmental problems, such as changes to land property rights, the destruction of a large proportion of mangroves to install commercial shrimp ponds and the contamination of rivers and estuaries. An integrated management approach was adopted for the protected area to: (1) ensure the conservation of northern mangrove ecosystems, (2) improve the welfare of local people and (3) maintain biological diversity for the benefit of current and future generations. |
| Project Description |
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In 1988,the Peruvian government established the Tumbes Mangroves National Sanctuary as a protected area. The protected area did not address the pressure on local resources, however, and a strategy for their conservation was developed in collaboration with Pro-Naturaleza (a local NGO) and WWF. Since 1995, Pro-Naturaleza has adopted an integrated management approach in the Tumbes Sanctuary to ensure mangrove forest conservation. The administration and management of the sanctuary was strengthened by the following: (1) site patrols; (2) elaboration of a master plan; (3) setting up a management committee; (4) description, monitoring and identification of sanctuary users; (5) evaluation of tourism possibilities; (6) identification and promotion of artisan micro-enterprises; (7) empowerment and environmental education of mangrove users, journalists, local authorities, teachers and children; (8) mangrove reforestation; (9) socio-economic examination including gender issues; (10) extractive activity identification; (11) environmental impact assessment of shrimp-farming; (12) publicizing of project results;(13) elaborating agreements between NGOs, local government authorities, universities and aquaculture companies; and (14) workshops on participatory planning processes. |
| Highlighted Aspects of Ecosystem Approach |
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· Conservation, equitable sharing of benefits and sustainable use of the resources were simultaneously addressed.
· Research activities within the Sanctuary focused on understanding ecosystem functional relationships, including the human component.
· The main products or services provided by the Sanctuary area were fish, shrimp, mollusks, other animal-catch related to mangrove areas, wood, honey, water for shrimp cultivation, tourism areas and control of erosion. Beneficiaries of the area extend from the shrimp- cultivating companies to local fishing communities. Benefit sharing was poorly addressed.
· There is no explicit mention of adaptive management, although elements such as monitoring and evaluation were incorporated in the planning process.
· The appropriate scale was selected according to the issue.
Inter-sectoral co-operation has been fundamental to the whole project process, including its design.
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| Conclusions |
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· Working at the ecosystem level and applying the Ecosystem Approach is a complex but productive process, although the level of complexity will depend on the size of the site.· Extensive communication between the various area sectors was a key component of the approach. |
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| 3. Sectors and Biomes |
| Sectors |
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Aquaculture |
| Biomes |
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Forest Biodiversity
Inland Waters Biodiversity
Marine and Coastal Biodiversity |
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| 4. Tools and Approaches |
| Tools and Approaches |
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Relevance
Score |
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Further
Information |
| Public Participation |
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3-High |
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| - Workshop based methods |
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3-High |
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| - Community based methods |
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3-High |
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| Education and Awareness |
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3-High |
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| - Communication |
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3-High |
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| - Education |
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3-High |
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| Governance, Law and Policy |
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3-High |
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| - Policy development, planning and reform |
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3-High |
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| Data, Monitoring and Modelling |
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3-High |
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| - Monitoring methods |
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3-High |
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| Protected Areas and Land Use Policy |
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3-High |
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| - Restoration |
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3-High |
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| Cross-sectoral Research and Working |
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3-High |
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| 5. Issues |
| Issues |
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Relevance
Score |
| Identification, Monitoring and Indicators |
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3-High |
| Public Participation |
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3-High |
| Sustainable Use of Biodiversity |
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3-High |
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| 6. Ecosystem Approach |
| Principles and Operational Guidance |
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Relevance
Score |
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Reason
(Only if NOT relevant) |
| Principle 1: The objectives of management of land, water and living resources are a matter of societal choices |
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3-High |
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| Principle 2: Management should be decentralized to the lowest appropriate level |
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3-High |
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| Principle 3: Ecosystem managers should consider the effects (actual or potential) of their activities on adjacent and other ecosystems |
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3-High |
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| Principle 4: Recognizing potential gains from management, there is usually a need to understand and manage the ecosystem in an economic context |
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3-High |
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| Principle 5: Conservation of ecosystem structure and functioning, in order to maintain ecosystem services, should be a priority target of the ecosystem approach |
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3-High |
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| Principle 6: Ecosystem must be managed within the limits of their functioning |
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3-High |
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| Principle 7: The ecosystem approach should be undertaken at the appropriate spatial and temporal scales |
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3-High |
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| Principle 8: Recognizing the varying temporal scales and lag-effects that characterize ecosystem processes, objectives for ecosystem management should be set for the long term |
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3-High |
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| Principle 10: The ecosystem approach should seek the appropriate balance between, and integration of, conservation and use of biological diversity |
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3-High |
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| Principle 11: The ecosystem approach should consider all forms of relevant information, including scientific and indigenous and local knowledge, innovations and practices |
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3-High |
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| Principle 12: The ecosystem approach should involve all relevant sectors of society and scientific disciplines |
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3-High |
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| Operational Guidance A: Focus on the relationships and processes within ecosystem |
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3-High |
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| Operational Guidance B: Enhance benefit-sharing |
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3-High |
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| Operational Guidance C: Use adaptive management practices |
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3-High |
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| Operational Guidance D: Carry out management actions at the scale appropriate for the issue being addressed, with decentralization to lowest level, as appropriate |
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3-High |
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| Operational Guidance E: Ensure intersectoral cooperation |
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3-High |
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| 7. Lessons Learned and the Outcomes |
| Lessons Learned |
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· Working at the ecosystem level and applying the Ecosystem Approach is complex, yet productive, though it will depend on the size of the site.· A high level of communication between the different sectors of the area was identified as a key component of the approach. |
| Outcomes |
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| Other Information |
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| 8. References |
| References |
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R. D. Smith and E. Maltby. (2003). Using the Ecosystem Approach to Implement the Convention on Biological Diversity: Key Issues and Case Studies. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. x +118 pp. |
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| 9. Contact Details |
| Contact Person |
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Ms Leah Mohammed |
| Job Title |
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Intern |
| Organization |
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CBD |
| Address |
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Montreal World Trade Centre |
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393 Saint-Jaques, 8th floor |
| Postal Code |
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H2Y 1N9 |
| City |
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Montreal |
| ZIP/State/Province |
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Quebec |
| Country |
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Canada |
| Telephone |
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514-288-2220 |
| E-mail Address |
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leah.mohammed@biodiv.org |
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