Protected Areas

1.2 - Protected area integration

Goal 1.2: To integrate protected areas into broader land- and seascapes and sectors so as to maintain ecological structure and function.

Target:

By 2015, all protected areas and protected area systems are integrated into the wider land- and seascape, and relevant sectors, by applying the ecosystem approach and taking into account ecological connectivity [70]/ and the concept, where appropriate, of ecological networks.


Suggested activities of the Parties

  • 1.2.1. Evaluate by 2006 national and sub-national experiences and lessons learned on specific efforts to integrate protected areas into broader land- and seascapes and sectoral plans and strategies such as poverty reduction strategies. 1.2.2. Identify and implement, by 2008, practical steps for improving the integration of protected areas into broader land- and seascapes, including policy, legal, planning and other measures.

  • 1.2.3. Integrate regional, national and sub-national systems of protected areas into broader land- and seascape, inter alia by establishing and managing ecological networks, ecological corridors [71]/ and/or buffer zones, where appropriate, to maintain ecological processes and also taking into account the needs of migratory species.

  • 1.2.4. Develop tools of ecological connectivity, such as ecological corridors, linking together protected areas where necessary or beneficial as determined by national priorities for the conservation of biodiversity.

  • 1.2.5. Rehabilitate and restore habitats and degraded ecosystems, as appropriate, as a contribution to building ecological networks, ecological corridors and/or buffer zones.

    Suggested supporting activities of the Executive Secretary

  • 1.2.6. Encourage the organization of regional and sub-regional workshops for the exchange of experiences on integration of biodiversity and protected areas into relevant sectoral and spatial plans.

  • 1.2.7. Compile and disseminate, using the CHM and other media, case-studies of best practices and other reports regarding the application of the ecosystem approach in relation to protected areas at the international, regional, national and sub-national levels.


Notes:

[70]/ The concept of connectivity may not be applicable to all Parties

[71]/ Ecological corridors may not be applicable to all Parties


Key activities include:

  • Evaluate lessons learned in integrating protected areas
  • Identify and implement steps for improving protected area integration
  • Establish and manage ecological networks, ecological corridors, and buffer zones
  • Develop ecological corridors to link protected areas
  • Restore habitats and degraded ecosystems to strengthen networks, corridors and buffer zones

What is protected area integration?

Protected area integration is the process of ensuring that the design and management of protected areas, corridors and the surrounding matrix fosters a connected, functional ecological network; and the process of ensuring that the policies and practices of natural resource sectors foster a connected, functional ecological network.

What are broader landscapes and seascapes, and what are related sectors?

Wider landscapes and seascapes include the array of land and water uses, management practices, policies and contexts that have an impact within and beyond protected areas, and that limit or enhance protected area connectivity and the maintenance of biodiversity. Related sectors include any field that contributes to the economy of a community or country, and that has an actual or potential bearing on the creation, integrity, and/or management of protected areas. Examples include forestry, fisheries, agriculture, energy, transportation and development.

What are ecological corridors?

Ecological corridors are areas of intact ecosystems that help connect one protected area with another, and thereby help to maintain ecological processes such as migration. They are also increasingly important in helping species and ecosystems adapt to climate change. A related term is a transboundary migratory corridor, which is an area of land and/or sea in two or more countries, which are not necessarily contiguous, but are required to sustain a biological migratory pathway, and where co-operative management has been secured through legal or other effective means.

What is an assessment of protected area connectivity and integration?

An assessment of protected area connectivity and integration involves two aspects: 1) an assessment of the extent to which the design and management of protected areas, corridors and the surrounding matrix fosters a connected, functional ecological network; and 2) an assessment of the extent to which policies and practices of natural resource sectors foster a connected, functional ecological network.

What steps are involved in assessing protected area connectivity and integration?

Typical steps involved in conducting an ecological gap assessment include:

  1. Getting started: This step entails creating a core group, setting goals, establishing parameters, and creating effective partnerships.

  2. Assessing the broader context: This step entails
    1. assessing the ecological context (by identifying key biodiversity, setting goals, and assessing connectivity gaps);
    2. assessing the protection context (by assessing the type, distribution and effectiveness of protected areas and other conserved areas);
    3. assessing the socio-economic and cultural context (by identifying social, economic and cultural constraints and opportunities to integrate protected areas);
    4. assessing the policy and sectoral context (by identifying policies and sectors, and their constraints and opportunities); and finally,
    5. putting it all together by aligning gaps and opportunities, and creating scenarios for an integrated landscape.

  3. Developing strategies and actions: This step entails identifying, screening and prioritizing actions, and identifying best practices for engaging stakeholders

  4. Implementation: This step entails developing and mainstreaming an implementation plan for protected area integration strategies. These strategies could include, for example, changing protection levels, management practices, laws and policies, sectoral practices, market incentives, the enabling environment and the physical environment through restoration.

  5. Monitoring and adapting: The step entails monitoring the effectiveness of strategies aimed at integrating protected areas, monitoring objective indicators such as connectivity, and modifying strategies based on the monitoring results.



E-learning module

Module 18: Marine Protected Areas

This module shows how the CBD Programme of Work on Protected Areas applies in a marine environment, and enables protected area planners to increase marine protection, improve the marine protected area network, and reduce threats to the marine environment.

E-learning module

Module 17: Climate Change

This module provides recommendations and guidelines for incorporating climate change aspects into protected area design and management, and highlights the role that protected areas can play in climate mitigation and adaptation.

External forum

Protected areas and network design

For those interested in network design and ecological gap assessments.

E-learning module

Module 2: Protected area integration

This module covers aspects related to integrating protected areas into the wider landscape, seascape and strategies (PoWPA Goal 1.2), including the development of conservation corridors, and mainstreaming protected areas into other sectors.

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E-learning module
This module shows how the CBD Programme of Work on Protected Areas applies in a marine environment, and enables protected area planners to increase marine protection, improve the marine protected area network, and reduce threats to the marine environment.
Themes:1.1 Ecological network and gap assessments,1.2 Protected area policy and landscape integration,3.4 Financial sustainability and business planning,1.3 Regional networks and transboundary areas,1.4 Management planning and climate change adaptation,1.5 Protected area threats and restoration,4.2 Management effectiveness assessments,2.2 Participation of indigenous and local communities,3.1 Enabling policy and legal environment,PoWPA Implementation
Topics:Adaptive management,Benefits and values,Multi-sectoral commitees,Best practices,Connectivity,Partnerships and collaboration,Conservation planning,Policy integration,Ecological gaps,Financing,Protected area system master plan,Regional challenges,Governance,Resilience and adaptation planning,Sustainable use,Mainstreaming,Management effectiveness,Training and curricula,Management planning,Marine
6/10/2011
E-learning module
This module provides recommendations and guidelines for incorporating climate change aspects into protected area design and management, and highlights the role that protected areas can play in climate mitigation and adaptation.
Themes:1.2 Protected area policy and landscape integration,1.4 Management planning and climate change adaptation,1.5 Protected area threats and restoration
Topics:Adaptive management,Monitoring,Benefits and values,Multi-sectoral commitees,Other threats,Climate change,Participatory planning,Connectivity,Partnerships and collaboration,Conservation planning,PoWPA strategic action plan,Protected area system master plan,Resilience and adaptation planning,Sustainable use,Landscape conservation,Management effectiveness,Training and curricula,Management planning
6/10/2011
External forum
For those interested in network design and ecological gap assessments.
Themes:1.1 Ecological network and gap assessments,1.2 Protected area policy and landscape integration,1.3 Regional networks and transboundary areas
5/8/2010
E-learning module
This module covers aspects related to integrating protected areas into the wider landscape, seascape and strategies (PoWPA Goal 1.2), including the development of conservation corridors, and mainstreaming protected areas into other sectors.
Themes:1.1 Ecological network and gap assessments,1.2 Protected area policy and landscape integration
5/8/2010
It's an article about the Stewardship Approach and its Relevance for Protected Landscapes. (10 pages).
Themes:1.2 Protected area policy and landscape integration
Topics:Landscape conservation,Governance,Sustainable use
4/16/2010227 Kb
Article
It's an article about the policy terrain in protected area landscapes: challenges for agroforestry in integrated landscape conservation. (27 pages).
Themes:1.2 Protected area policy and landscape integration
Topics:Policy environment
4/16/2010249 Kb
Case study
A catalogue of possible measures to improve ecological connectivity in the Alps. (147 pages).
Themes:1.2 Protected area policy and landscape integration
Topics:Connectivity
4/15/20102048 Kb
Comprehensive guide
A handbook about roads and environement. (250 pages).
Themes:1.2 Protected area policy and landscape integration,3.1 Enabling policy and legal environment
Topics:Policy integration
4/15/201015360 Kb
It's an article from the journal of applied ecology about the impact of ecosystem connectivity on coral reef resilience. (9 pages).
Themes:1.2 Protected area policy and landscape integration,1.4 Management planning and climate change adaptation
Topics:Connectivity,Resilience and adaptation planning,Marine
4/15/2010650 Kb
Comprehensive guide
Roads and Protected Areas: a integrated economic analysis projects in the northern Amazon Boliviana. (77 pages).
Themes:1.5 Protected area threats and restoration,1.2 Protected area policy and landscape integration
Topics:Connectivity
4/15/20105120 Kb
Report
This document is about Large scale connectivity conservation in mountains: A critical response to climate change. A paper presented to the international workshop on protected area management and biodiversity conservation, East Asia. Taipei, Taiwan, 2-3 September, 2008. (12 pages).
Themes:1.2 Protected area policy and landscape integration
Topics:Connectivity
4/14/2010218 Kb
Article
It's an article about Evaluating Biodiversity in Fragmented Landscapes: Applications of Landscape Ecology Tools. (8 pages).
Themes:1.2 Protected area policy and landscape integration
Topics:Landscape conservation
4/14/20106144 Kb
Article
It's an article about Relative effects of fragment size and connectivity on bird community in the Atlantic Rain Forest: Implications for conservation. (9 pages).
Themes:1.2 Protected area policy and landscape integration
Topics:Connectivity,Landscape conservation
4/14/2010431 Kb
Short guide
This publication about Mapping High Conservation Values at large scales for effective site-level. (42 pages).
Themes:1.2 Protected area policy and landscape integration,1.1 Ecological network and gap assessments
Topics:Landscape conservation,Conservation planning
4/14/20102048 Kb
Brochure
It's a short brochure about Keeping Wildlife Populations Connected Through Habitat Corridors. (2 pages)
Themes:1.2 Protected area policy and landscape integration
Topics:Connectivity,Landscape conservation
4/14/2010197 Kb
Report
It's a report about about designing sustainable landscapes. (32 pages).
Themes:1.2 Protected area policy and landscape integration
Topics:Conservation planning
4/14/20101024 Kb
Article
It's an article about Thresholds in landscape connectivity and mortality risks in response to growing road networks. (10 pages).
Themes:1.2 Protected area policy and landscape integration
Topics:Connectivity,Policy integration
4/14/2010643 Kb
Report
It's a report about Conservation in a Highly Fragmented Landscape:The Central Tallgrass Prairie Ecoregional Conservation Plan. (244 pages).
Themes:1.2 Protected area policy and landscape integration,1.1 Ecological network and gap assessments
Topics:Connectivity,Conservation planning
4/14/20105120 Kb
Report
It's a thesis about Conservation on a Regional Scale: Assessing the Yellowstone to Yukon Conservation Initiative. (272 pages).
Themes:1.2 Protected area policy and landscape integration
Topics:Connectivity
4/14/20101024 Kb
Presentation
It's a presentation about Evaluating Corridors. (25 slides).
Themes:1.2 Protected area policy and landscape integration
Topics:Connectivity
4/14/20102048 Kb
Short guide
A Resource for Practitioners Using the Latest Applied Science and Best Management Practices for Wildlife Safe Passages Across Highways. (8 pages).
Themes:1.2 Protected area policy and landscape integration
Topics:Connectivity
4/14/2010697 Kb
It's a chapter from a practitioner's guide to planning for biodiversity. (17 pages).
Themes:1.2 Protected area policy and landscape integration
Topics:Conservation planning,Marine,Policy integration
4/13/201013312 Kb
Article
It's an article about optimizing dispersal corridors for the cape proteaceae using network flow. (12 pages).
Themes:1.2 Protected area policy and landscape integration
Topics:Connectivity
4/12/2010385 Kb
Case study
It's an article about protected areas and landscape conservation in the Lombardy plain (northern Italy): an appraisal. (8 pages).
Themes:1.2 Protected area policy and landscape integration
Topics:Landscape conservation
4/12/2010160 Kb
Report
This paper is about mainstreaming biodiversity in production landscapes. (174 pages).
Themes:1.2 Protected area policy and landscape integration
Topics:Policy integration
4/12/20101024 Kb
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