Section E. Theory of change

9.   The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework is built around a theory of change which recognizes that urgent policy action is required globally, regionally and nationally to achieve sustainable development so that the drivers of undesirable change that have exacerbated biodiversity loss will be reduced and/or reversed to allow for the recovery of all ecosystems and to achieve the Convention’s Vision of living in harmony with nature by 2050.

[1] IPBES (2019): Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. IPBES secretariat, Bonn, Germany. 

[2] Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (2020). Global Biodiversity Outlook 5. Montreal.

[3] IPBES (2019): The following paragraphs are taken from key messages A6, A, D and B respectively, of the Summary for policymakers of the global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. IPBES secretariat, Bonn, Germany.

[4]In this framework, free, prior and informed consent refers to the tripartite terminology of “prior and informed consent” or “free, prior and informed consent” or “approval and involvement”.

[5] A/RES/61/295.

[6] A/RES/41/128.

[7] UN General Assembly Resolution 76/300 of 28 July 2022.

[8] Rio Declaration on Environment and Development (A/CONF.151/26/Rev.l (vol.I)), United Nations publication, Sales No. E.93.1.8.

[9] Decision V/6.