2017
Innovative mechanisms for financing biodiversity conservation: experiences from Europe, final report in the context of the project “Innovative financing mechanisms for biodiversity in Mexico / N°2015/368378”. Brussels, Belgium.

Innovative mechanisms for financing biodiversity conservation: a comparative summary of experiences from Mexico and Europe, an executive summary in the context of a project “Innovative financing mechanisms for biodiversity in Mexico / N°2015/368378”. Brussels, Belgium.

Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the sustainable management of external fishing fleets, repealing Council Regulation (EC) No 1006/2008
EC: The EU Environmental Implementation Review: Common challenges and how to combine efforts to deliver better results. Annex. Implementation of existing EU water legislation could contribute an annual benefit of at least €2.8 billion. Full compliance with the EU waste policy by 2020 could generate an additional 400,000 jobs and €42 billion annually in the waste management and recycling industries. Full implementation of Natura 2000 would create an additional 174,000 jobs. Biodiversity loss would continue in the EU with potentially serious consequences for the capacity of natural ecosystems to provide for human needs in the future. The overall status of protected species and habitats has not significantly improved over the last six years, with more than 75% of habitat assessments finding an unfavorable conservation status and 60% of non-bird species having an unfavorable status. Key implementation challenges include: the absence of management plans for Natura 2000 sites; a lack of knowledge on species, habitats and sites; a lack of adequate financial and human resources; and poor engagement of local communities and stakeholders.
IUCN: European Red List of Grasshoppers, Crickets and Bush-crickets. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. 25.7% and 28% of Orthoptera species are assessed as threatened at the European and EU 28 levels, respectively. 30.2% (325 species of European Orthoptera species) have declining populations, and out of the 739 species that are endemic to Europe, 231 (31.3%) are threatened.
Climate Analytics: A Stress Test for Coal in Europe under the Paris Agreement. If Europe’s 300 coal plants run to the end of their natural lifespans, the EU nations will exceed their carbon budget for coal by 85%. The EU would need to stop using coal for electricity generation by 2030.
European Environment Agency: Climate change, impacts and vulnerability in Europe 2016, An indicator-based report, EEA Report No 1/2017. Climate-related extreme events in EEA member countries account for more than EUR 400 billion of economic losses since 1980. The projected damage costs from climate change are highest in the Mediterranean region. Europe is also affected by climate change impacts occurring outside Europe through trade effects, infrastructure, geopolitical and security risks, and migration.
2015
International financial instruments for biodiversity conservation in developing countries – financial mechanisms and enabling policies for forest biodiversity, Background paper for the European Report on Development 2015. Max Büge, Karen Meijer and Heidi Wittmer
2014
EU 2014 (additional information), 2014 II, EU 2012: European Union, Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Sweden
Fifth report. LIFE — the Financial Instrument for the Environment — is the only EU financial instrument fully dedicated to the environment. Since 1992, LIFE has supported over 3100 projects. The new LIFE Regulation, published on 20 December 2013, sets a budget for the 2014–20 funding period of EUR 3.4 billion.
Insect pollination, which is being heavily degraded in Europe, has an estimated economic value of EUR 15 billion a year in the EU. A first broad assessment of the overall economic value of the Natura 2000 benefits puts the figure in the region of EUR 200-300 billion a year for the whole network.
Launch of the second phase of the EU Business and Biodiversity Platform, and the setting up — with the European Investment Bank — of a Natural Capital Financing Facility to provide loans and equity instruments for projects, including climate adaptation projects, that promote the preservation of natural capital and which are revenue generating or cost-saving.
Common agricultural policy, common fisheries policy and cohesion policy (green infrastructure), introduction of a new methodology for tracking biodiversity-related expenditure throughout the EU budget.
European Union Institutions Climate assistance
Submission 2014: Central biodiversity expenditure in millions of euro: 6472.36 (2007), 6472.36 (2008), 6472.36 (2009), 6472.36 (2010), 6472.36 (2011), 6472.36 (2012).
Green Infrastructure Strategy and the EU No Net Loss initiative.
Natural Capital Financing Facility to support private investments in biodiversity-related projects, the EU B@B platform.
Policy options for the EU ‘no net loss’ initiative, annexes on modeling and experiences (2014)
2013
A synthesis of approaches to assess and value ecosystem services in the EU in the context of TEEB
Improving Measurement to Manage through the 7th EAP: the Role of Indicators and Accounting (IEEP, 2013)
Environmental taxes: statistical guide 2013 edition
Economic benefits of the Natura 2000 Network, 2013
2012
Rio marker (bio) 2002-2012
EU submission on funding needs
Mainstreaming Biodiversity through Development Cooperation, by Arnold Jacques de Dixmude, European Commission Development Cooperation Office – EuropeAid
EU submission on funding indicator information (including Member States), Counting sectoral financing, Counting PES financing (2012)
The Commission's "Background Study towards biodiversity proofing of the EU budget" (2012) examines the opportunities for "Biodiversity-proofing" the EU budget, which is defined as a structured process of ensuring the effective application of tools to avoid or at least minimize harmful impacts of EU spending and to maximise the biodiversity benefits. It applies to all spending streams under the EU budget, across the whole budgetary cycle and at all levels of governance. The study gives recommendations on the first steps and on the entry points of "biodiversity proofing" the EU budget with a focus on the CAP Pillar 1 and 2, ERDF, Cohesion Fund, CEF, TEN-E, TEN-T, EMFF, Horizon 2020 and the LIFE Programme. The Commission recently launched a follow-up contract to create a practical common framework for biodiversity-proofing the EU budget, which would include general and fund-specific guidelines for national and regional authorities and for Commission services.
Study supporting the phasing out of environmentally harmful subsidies, (2012)
EU review: Directorate General for Development and Co-operation EuropeAid (2012)
Organic agriculture and the law – European Union (2012)
2011
EU submission on resourcing indicators
Estimating Costs and Benefits of Invasive Alien Species Strategy in European Union (2011)
Investing in Natura 2000: Delivering benefits for nature and people (2011)
EU submission on innovative financial mechanisms
EU submissions on resource mobilization strategy: Part 1; Part 2; Part 3
EU submission on resourcing indicators
NBSAP2006, 2011
Roadmap to a Resource Efficient Europe, (2011)
EU Habitats and Birds Directives, Environmental Liability Directive, Status 2011, EU Environmental Liability Regime, Liability and compensation, EU Environmental Liability Regime
Regulation (EU) No 691/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 July 2011 on European environmental economic accounts; 2013 report
Economic Studies: Populating the Environmental Valuation Reference Inventory: 40 European valuation studies (2002), (2011)
Environmental protection expenditure in Europe - Data 1995-2009, 2011
An experimental framework for ecosystem capital accounting in Europe, EEA Technical report No 13/2011
2009
EC: Southern Perspectives on Technical Cooperation Analytical Review and Annotated Bibliography, by Zoë Scott, July 2009. Southern perspectives from the post-2000 literature on technical cooperation.
agriculture, maritime and water policies, research policy, external policies, (2009)
WWF study on biodiversity and the EU budget 2009
National Reports (1998, 2005, 2009) with sections on funding
National reports: related policies from European Development Fund (1998, 2001, 2005, 2009)
2008
EC: Reforming Technical Cooperation and Project Implementation Units for External Aid provided by the European Commission, A Backbone Strategy, JULY 2008. Axis 1: Support strategic dialogue on TC and PIUs; Axis 2: Improve TC design, management and accountability; Axis 3: Improve TC procurement, contracting and other procedures; Axis 4: Enhance internal capacity through communication, knowledge management, training; Axis 5: Implementation and Monitoring of the Strategy; Issues relating to Project Implementation Arrangements across the five axes.
EU Submissions on Resource Mobilization Strategy: SE-2008-122-CoverPage; SE-2008-122-EC; SE-2008-122-CZ; SE-2008-122-FR
EU submissions on resource mobilization strategy: Part 1; Part 2; Part 3
European Strategy for Environmental Accounting, 68th Meeting of the Statistical Programme Committee, Luxembourg, 13 November 2008
2007
Environmental expenditure statistics: General Government and Specialised Producers data collection handbook, 2007
Promoting Sustainable Fishing Initiatives under the European Fisheries Fund (2007)
Submission 2007: EC LIFE
Financing Natura 2000 Guidance Handbook, June 2007
2006
The Use of Market Incentives to Preserve Biodiversity, July 2006
2005
Evaluation of Agri-Environmental Measures (2005)
Reform of the Common Agriculture Policy, Reform of the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP)
Reform of the Common Agriculture Policy, Agri-Environment Measures (AEM), Support to low-intensive agricultural systems and less favoured areas (LFAs), Rural Development Programmes
Environmental expenditure statistics: Industry data collection handbook, 2005
OECD/Eurostat Environmental Protection Expenditure and Revenues Joint Questionnaire/SERIEE Environmental Protection Expenditure Account: Conversion Guidelines, 2005
2004
Public procurement, tax incentives, Public procurement (2004), Environmental taxes and charges, deposit-refund schemes, Environmental tax reform, Subsidies, subsidy reform, support schemes and green purchasing
Submission 2004: Reform of the Common Agriculture Policy, Reform of the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP), EU Environmental Liability Regime, Environmental Impact assessments (EIA), Public Procurement, Environmental Technologies Action Plan (ETAP), EU Eco-labelling and Eco-Management and Audit Scheme, EU Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS)
2002
SERIEE - Environmental protection expenditure accounts - Compilation Guide, 2002
2000
Environmental Taxes: Recent Developments in Tools for Integration (2000)
1998
Subsidies in World Fisheries: A Reexamination (1998) - European Union
1994
SERIEE - European System for the collection of economic information on the environment, 1994 version