Background Information
Forests support approximately 80% of Earth’s biodiversity, and at the same time, contribute significantly to economic activity worldwide. Today’s forest sector is diverse and employs at least 42 million people globally (FAO FRA, 2025). The global bioeconomy sector alone is estimated to be valued at US$4-5 trillion, with growth potential to US$30 trillion by 2050 (Climate Policy Initiative, 2025). The global reported value of non-timber forest products is approximately $9.41 billion as of 2020 and are used by approximately 3.5–5.8 billion people worldwide (FAO FRA, 2025; Shackleton & De Vos, 2022).
Conserving, maintaining and sustainably using biodiversity supports healthy forests that can, in turn, become more productive both for ecosystems and better contribute to societal needs and sustainable development objectives. As various pressures continue to be put on forests, it is important to consider how a sectoral approach can be put into practice that balances biodiversity and economic needs.
Mainstreaming biodiversity in forestry requires prioritizing forest policies, plans, programmes, and investments that have a positive impact on biodiversity at the ecosystem, species and genetic levels. In practical terms, this involves the integration of biodiversity concerns into everyday sustainable forest management practices, as well as in long-term forest management plans, at different scales. It is an approach aimed at achieving more balanced and mutually reinforcing outcomes across the social, economic and environmental dimensions of sustainable development (FAO and CIFOR, 2022).